1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74401447440326
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
3.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.2.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
4.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
4.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.3.5 Abundance In Oceans
4.3.7 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
-
It is used in luminous paints.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
700.00 °C1,750.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C4,790.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.6.3 Brinell Hardness
6.6.7 Vickers Hardness
6.7 Speed of Sound
6.8 Optical Properties
6.8.1 Refractive Index
6.8.4 Reflectivity
6.9 Allotropes
6.9.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.9 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.11 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol587.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.3 2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol1,110.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.6 3rd Energy Level
NA1,978.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.5.9 4th Energy Level
NA2,780.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.5.12 5th Energy Level
7.5.14 6th Energy Level
7.5.18 7th Energy level
7.5.21 8th Energy Level
7.5.24 9th Energy Level
7.5.27 10th Energy Level
7.5.31 11th Energy Level
7.5.34 12th Energy Level
7.6.1 13th Energy Level
7.7.2 14th Energy Level
7.7.4 15th Energy Level
8.1.2 16th Energy Level
8.4.2 17th Energy Level
8.4.4 18th Energy Level
8.4.7 19th Energy Level
8.4.10 20th Energy Level
8.5.1 21st Energy Level
8.6.2 22nd Energy Level
8.7.1 23rd Energy Level
8.7.3 24th Energy Level
9.1.1 25th Energy Level
9.2.1 26th Energy Level
9.4.1 27th Energy Level
9.6.1 28th Energy Level
9.6.2 29th Energy Level
9.8.1 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr2.16 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.11 Electron Work Function
10.2 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
11.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.4.4 Number of Neutrons
11.6.1 Number of Electrons
11.10 Radius of an Atom
11.10.1 Atomic Radius
11.10.3 Covalent Radius
221.00 pm206.00 pm
96
260
11.13.2 Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
11.15 Atomic Weight
226.00 amu232.04 amu
6.94
294
11.18 Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.2.1 Previous Element
12.2.2 Next Element
12.3 Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.5 Lattice Constant
514.80 pm508.42 pm
228.58
891.25
13.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm311.72 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
14.5 Tensile Strength
14.6 Viscosity
14.7 Vapor Pressure
14.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.2 Elasticity properties
15.2.1 Shear Modulus
15.3.1 Bulk Modulus
15.4.1 Young's Modulus
15.7 Poisson Ratio
16.2 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.2.4 Magnetic Ordering
17.2.5 Permeability
17.2.7 Susceptibility
17.3 Electrical Properties
17.3.1 Electrical Property
17.3.2 Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m157.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.5.3 Electron Affinity
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.23 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
19.3 Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K54.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
19.5 Critical Temperature
19.7 Thermal Expansion
19.9 Enthalpy
19.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
19.10.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
19.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
19.12 Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1