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Rhenium
Rhenium

Polonium
Polonium



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Rhenium vs Polonium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Re
Po
1.2 Group Number
716
Gadolinium
0 17
1.7 Period Number
66
Lithium
2 7
1.8 Block
d block
p block
1.9 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-​Transition
1.10 CAS Number
74401557440086
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.4 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
2.5 Space Group Number
194.00221.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1908
In 1898
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.5.5 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
4.2.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
4.3.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
4.3.5 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
6.2.7 In Bone
NA0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
3,180.00 °C254.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
8.2 Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C962.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
8.5 Appearance
8.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
8.5.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
8.5.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
8.6 Hardness
8.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
8.9.2 Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
8.9.7 Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
8.11 Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
8.13 Optical Properties
8.13.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
9.2.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
9.4 Allotropes
9.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
9.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
9.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
Re
Po
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
3329
Tennessine
0 38
10.3 Electronegativity
10.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.902.00
Francium
0.7 2.54
10.3.6 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
10.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.461.76
Cesium
0.86 1.82
10.5.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA2.48
Cesium
0.62 2.48
10.5.8 Allen Electronegativity
1.602.19
Cesium
0.659 2.7
10.6 Electropositivity
10.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.102.00
Gold
1.46 3.3
10.7 Ionization Energies
10.7.1 1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
10.7.5 2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/molNA
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
10.7.6 3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/molNA
Osmium
1600 34230
10.7.9 4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
10.7.12 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
10.7.14 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
10.7.15 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
10.8.1 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
10.8.2 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
10.8.3 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
10.9.1 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
10.9.2 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
11.1.1 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
11.1.2 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
11.2.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
11.4.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
11.4.3 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
11.4.5 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
11.4.7 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
11.4.8 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
11.4.9 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
11.4.12 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
11.4.13 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
11.4.14 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
11.4.16 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
11.5.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
11.5.3 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
11.5.6 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
11.5.8 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
11.6.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
11.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
11.9 Electron Work Function
4.96 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
11.12 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
7584
Lithium
3 117
12.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
12.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
12.4.1 Crystal Lattice
12.5 Atom
12.5.1 Number of Protons
7584
Lithium
3 117
13.0.2 Number of Neutrons
111125
Lithium
4 184
13.1.3 Number of Electrons
7584
Lithium
3 117
13.2 Radius of an Atom
13.2.1 Atomic Radius
137.00 pm168.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
13.3.1 Covalent Radius
151.00 pm140.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
13.4.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm197.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
13.6 Atomic Weight
186.21 amu209.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
13.7 Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
13.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.10.1 Previous Element
13.10.2 Next Element
13.11 Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)NA
Francium
8 392.42
13.13 Lattice Constant
276.10 pm335.90 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
14.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
15.5.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm39.40 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
16.2 Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
16.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
16.4 Vapor Pressure
16.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
16.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
16.7 Elasticity properties
16.7.1 Shear Modulus
178.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
16.7.4 Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
16.8.1 Young's Modulus
463.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
17.2 Poisson Ratio
0.30NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
17.5 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
21.029.32
Lithium
0.53 4500
18.4.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
18.4.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
18.5.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
18.7 Electrical Properties
18.7.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
18.7.2 Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
18.10.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
19.2.2 Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol183.30 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
20.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
20.6 Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
20.8 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
20.9 Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
20.11 Enthalpy
20.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
20.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
20.11.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol134.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
20.12 Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1