1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.10 Element Family
1.12 CAS Number
74401777440075
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
3.2 Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Mining, Ores of metals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1861
In Between 1940 1941
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.11 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
38.89 °C639.50 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
688.00 °C3,235.00 °C
147
5660
7.6 Appearance
7.6.1 Physical State
7.6.2 Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
7.6.3 Luster
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.3 Brinell Hardness
7.7.5 Vickers Hardness
7.9 Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
7.11 Optical Properties
7.11.1 Refractive Index
7.11.3 Reflectivity
8.3 Allotropes
8.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.4 Electronegativity
9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.9 Allen Electronegativity
9.6 Electropositivity
9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.8 Ionization Energies
9.8.1 1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.3 2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.5 3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol2,084.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.7 4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol3,338.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.9 5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.8.11 6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.8.13 7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.8.15 8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.8.17 9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.8.19 10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.8.21 11th Energy Level
9.8.22 12th Energy Level
9.8.24 13th Energy Level
9.8.26 14th Energy Level
9.8.28 15th Energy Level
9.8.30 16th Energy Level
9.8.32 17th Energy Level
9.8.34 18th Energy Level
9.8.36 19th Energy Level
9.8.38 20th Energy Level
9.8.40 21st Energy Level
9.8.42 22nd Energy Level
9.8.44 23rd Energy Level
9.8.46 24th Energy Level
9.8.48 25th Energy Level
9.8.50 26th Energy Level
9.8.52 27th Energy Level
9.8.54 28th Energy Level
9.8.56 29th Energy Level
9.8.58 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr2.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.11 Electron Work Function
9.13 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
11.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Monoclinic (MON)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.7.2 Number of Neutrons
11.7.4 Number of Electrons
11.8 Radius of an Atom
11.8.1 Atomic Radius
248.00 pm159.00 pm
112
265
11.9.2 Covalent Radius
220.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
11.9.4 Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
11.10 Atomic Weight
85.47 amu244.00 amu
6.94
294
11.12 Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol12.32 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.14.1 Previous Element
11.14.2 Next Element
11.15 Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)64.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.18 Lattice Constant
558.50 pm618.30 pm
228.58
891.25
11.20 Lattice Angles
11.21 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm319.82 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm316.63 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.2 Tensile Strength
13.3 Viscosity
13.5 Vapor Pressure
13.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.8 Elasticity properties
13.8.1 Shear Modulus
13.9.2 Bulk Modulus
13.9.4 Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa96.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.10 Poisson Ratio
13.11 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.2.2 Permeability
15.1.2 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m1.46 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.3.3 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K35.50 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.2 Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K6.74 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.6 Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)46.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.8 Enthalpy
17.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol344.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.9.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol2.82 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol360.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.11 Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1