1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.10 Block
2.1 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
2.3 CAS Number
74401997440326
7429905
54386242
2.7 Space Group Name
2.8 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
4.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
5.1.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
5.2.3 Abundance In Meteorites
5.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.5.3 Abundance In Oceans
5.5.7 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.05 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.1.2 In Bone
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
1,072.00 °C1,660.00 °C
27
3410
10.4 Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C3,287.00 °C
147
5660
10.7 Appearance
10.7.1 Physical State
10.7.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray-White
10.7.3 Luster
10.8 Hardness
10.8.1 Mohs Hardness
10.11.1 Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa716.00 MPa
0.14
3490
10.12.2 Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa830.00 MPa
121
3430
10.13 Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s5,090.00 m/s
818
16200
10.15 Optical Properties
10.15.1 Refractive Index
10.16.2 Reflectivity
10.18 Allotropes
10.19.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.19.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.19.5 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.5 Electronegativity
12.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
12.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.5.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.5.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.5.9 Allen Electronegativity
12.7 Electropositivity
12.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.9 Ionization Energies
12.9.1 1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.9.3 2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.9.5 3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol2,652.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.9.7 4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol4,174.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
12.9.9 5th Energy Level
NA9,581.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
12.9.11 6th Energy Level
NA11,533.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
12.9.14 7th Energy level
NA13,590.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
12.9.16 8th Energy Level
NA16,440.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
12.9.18 9th Energy Level
NA18,530.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
12.9.19 10th Energy Level
NA20,833.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
12.9.22 11th Energy Level
NA25,575.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
12.9.24 12th Energy Level
NA28,125.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
12.9.26 13th Energy Level
NA76,015.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
12.9.28 14th Energy Level
NA83,280.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
12.9.30 15th Energy Level
NA90,880.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
12.9.32 16th Energy Level
NA100,700.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
12.9.34 17th Energy Level
NA109,100.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
1.2.1 18th Energy Level
NA117,800.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
1.2.3 19th Energy Level
NA129,900.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
1.3.1 20th Energy Level
NA137,530.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
1.4.1 21st Energy Level
1.6.2 22nd Energy Level
1.8.2 23rd Energy Level
1.8.4 24th Energy Level
2.4.3 25th Energy Level
2.4.5 26th Energy Level
2.4.8 27th Energy Level
2.4.11 28th Energy Level
2.5.1 29th Energy Level
2.5.3 30th Energy Level
2.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
3.2 Electron Work Function
4.6 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
5 Atomic
5.1 Atomic Number
5.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
5.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
5.3.1 Crystal Lattice
5.4 Atom
5.4.1 Number of Protons
2.1.2 Number of Neutrons
1.2.1 Number of Electrons
1.9 Radius of an Atom
1.9.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
1.15.1 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
2.4.2 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
2.8 Atomic Weight
150.36 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
1.3 Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
1.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.9.1 Previous Element
1.9.2 Next Element
1.10 Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
3.3 Lattice Constant
362.10 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
3.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
3.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
4 Mechanical
4.1 Density
4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
6.5.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
8.2 Tensile Strength
8.4 Viscosity
9.3 Vapor Pressure
9.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
9.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
9.10 Elasticity properties
9.10.1 Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
9.12.3 Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
10.1.3 Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.5 Poisson Ratio
12.4 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.2.3 Permeability
15.2.2 Susceptibility
15.4 Electrical Properties
15.4.1 Electrical Property
15.4.2 Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.4 Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.8 Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.13 Critical Temperature
18.3 Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
18.6 Enthalpy
18.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
18.6.6 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.6.14 Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.7 Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1