Thorium

Titanium

Thorium vs Titanium

Thorium

Titanium

Add ⊕

1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

f block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74403267440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.

The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

W. Gregor & J. Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1829

In 1791

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

3 * 10^-4 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0004 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.05 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.66 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.10 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.12 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.

Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.05 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.5 In Bone

0.02 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,750.00 °C1,660.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

4,790.00 °C3,287.00 °C

147 5660

4.4 Appearance

4.4.1 Physical State

Solid

4.4.2 Color

Silver

Silvery Gray-White

4.4.3 Luster

Metallic

4.5 Hardness

4.5.1 Mohs Hardness

3.006.00

0.2 8.5

1.3.1 Brinell Hardness

390.00 MPa716.00 MPa

0.14 3490

2.2.1 Vickers Hardness

295.00 MPa830.00 MPa

121 3430

2.3 Speed of Sound

2,490.00 m/s5,090.00 m/s

818 16200

2.10 Optical Properties

2.10.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

2.10.3 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

2.11 Allotropes

✔ ✘

2.11.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

2.11.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

2.11.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

3 Chemical

3.2 Chemical Formula

3.3 Isotopes

3.3.1 Known Isotopes

2823

0 38

3.5 Electronegativity

3.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.301.54

0.7 2.54

4.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.09

0.22 2.56

4.5.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.111.32

0.86 1.82

4.5.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

4.6.1 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.38

0.659 2.7

4.7 Electropositivity

4.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.702.46

1.46 3.3

4.9 Ionization Energies

4.9.1 1st Energy Level

587.00 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

4.9.2 2nd Energy Level

1,110.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

4.11.1 3rd Energy Level

1,978.00 kJ/mol2,652.50 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.3.1 4th Energy Level

2,780.00 kJ/mol4,174.60 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.3.3 5th Energy Level

NA9,581.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.1 6th Energy Level

NA11,533.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

7.1.1 7th Energy level

NA13,590.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

7.1.2 8th Energy Level

NA16,440.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

7.1.4 9th Energy Level

NA18,530.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

7.2.1 10th Energy Level

NA20,833.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

7.4.1 11th Energy Level

NA25,575.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

7.7.2 12th Energy Level

NA28,125.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

7.7.5 13th Energy Level

NA76,015.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

7.7.6 14th Energy Level

NA83,280.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

7.8.3 15th Energy Level

NA90,880.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

7.9.2 16th Energy Level

NA100,700.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

7.9.3 17th Energy Level

NA109,100.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

7.10.3 18th Energy Level

NA117,800.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

7.10.5 19th Energy Level

NA129,900.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

8.2.2 20th Energy Level

NA137,530.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

8.3.1 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

8.3.2 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.1.2 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.1.3 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.1.4 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.1.8 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.1.9 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.1.12 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.1.13 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.2.3 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.3 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.16 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.5 Electron Work Function

3.41 eV4.33 eV

2.14 5.65

9.7 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Chemical Stability, Ionization

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

9022

3 117

10.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 6d² 7s²

[Ar] 3d² 4s²

10.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

10.3.1 Crystal Lattice

10.4 Atom

10.4.1 Number of Protons

9022

3 117

11.1.2 Number of Neutrons

14226

4 184

11.2.2 Number of Electrons

9022

3 117

11.4 Radius of an Atom

11.4.1 Atomic Radius

179.80 pm147.00 pm

112 265

11.5.1 Covalent Radius

206.00 pm160.00 pm

96 260

11.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

237.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

11.7 Atomic Weight

232.04 amu47.87 amu

6.94 294

11.9 Atomic Volume

19.90 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

11.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

11.10.1 Previous Element

11.10.2 Next Element

11.11 Valence Electron Potential

59.30 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.12 Lattice Constant

508.42 pm295.08 pm

228.58 891.25

11.13 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

11.14 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

12 Mechanical

12.1 Density

12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

11.72 g/cm³4.51 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

12.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA4.11 g/cm3

0.512 20

12.3 Tensile Strength

NA434.00 MPa

2.5 11000

12.4 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

12.5 Vapor Pressure

12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

12.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

12.6 Elasticity properties

12.6.1 Shear Modulus

31.00 GPa44.00 GPa

1.3 222

12.6.3 Bulk Modulus

54.00 GPa110.00 GPa

1.6 462

12.6.5 Young's Modulus

79.00 GPa116.00 GPa

1.7 528

12.7 Poisson Ratio

0.270.32

0.032 0.47

12.8 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

13 Magnetic

13.1 Magnetic Characteristics

13.1.1 Specific Gravity

11.704.51

0.53 4500

13.1.3 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

13.1.4 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

13.1.6 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

13.2 Electrical Properties

13.2.1 Electrical Property

Superconductor

Poor Conductor

13.2.2 Resistivity

157.00 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

13.2.5 Electrical Conductivity

0.07 10⁶/cm Ω0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

13.2.7 Electron Affinity

NA7.60 kJ/mol

0 222.8

14 Thermal

14.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

14.2 Molar Heat Capacity

26.23 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

14.4 Thermal Conductivity

54.00 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

15.2 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

15.6 Thermal Expansion

11.00 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

15.7 Enthalpy

15.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

429.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

15.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

15.48 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

15.7.4 Enthalpy of Atomization

468.60 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol

61.5 837

15.9 Standard Molar Entropy

27.30 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

Compare Actinide Series » More

Thorium vs Neptunium

Thorium vs Americium

Thorium vs Lawrencium

» More

More Compare Actinide Series

Actinide Metals » More

» More

More Actinide Metals