1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
1.7 CAS Number
74403157440600
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Marc Delafontaine
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.10 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.13 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
-
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Nuclear Research
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.7 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
231.90 °C1,461.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C2,600.00 °C
147
5660
7.2 Appearance
7.2.1 Physical State
7.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
7.2.3 Luster
7.3 Hardness
7.3.1 Mohs Hardness
7.4.2 Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa746.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.6.3 Vickers Hardness
7.7 Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s
818
16200
7.8 Optical Properties
7.8.1 Refractive Index
7.9.1 Reflectivity
7.11 Allotropes
7.11.1 α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
7.11.2 β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
7.11.3 γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.5 Electronegativity
8.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.5.5 Allen Electronegativity
10.6 Electropositivity
10.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.7 Ionization Energies
10.7.1 1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol1,140.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.9.2 3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol2,204.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.10.2 4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol4,100.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.11.2 5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
10.11.3 6th Energy Level
10.12.1 7th Energy level
10.14.1 8th Energy Level
10.14.3 9th Energy Level
10.15.2 10th Energy Level
11.1.2 11th Energy Level
11.1.5 12th Energy Level
11.1.8 13th Energy Level
11.1.10 14th Energy Level
11.2.1 15th Energy Level
11.2.3 16th Energy Level
11.3.2 17th Energy Level
11.4.2 18th Energy Level
11.4.4 19th Energy Level
11.4.7 20th Energy Level
11.4.9 21st Energy Level
11.4.11 22nd Energy Level
11.5.2 23rd Energy Level
11.5.4 24th Energy Level
11.5.5 25th Energy Level
11.5.7 26th Energy Level
11.5.10 27th Energy Level
11.5.12 28th Energy Level
11.5.14 29th Energy Level
11.5.16 30th Energy Level
11.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr2.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.7 Electron Work Function
11.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
13.1.2 Number of Neutrons
13.2.1 Number of Electrons
14.2 Radius of an Atom
14.2.1 Atomic Radius
140.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
14.5.1 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm192.00 pm
96
260
14.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm216.00 pm
139
348
14.7 Atomic Weight
118.71 amu164.93 amu
6.94
294
14.8 Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol18.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.10.1 Previous Element
14.10.2 Next Element
14.11 Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)47.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.12 Lattice Constant
583.18 pm357.73 pm
228.58
891.25
14.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
14.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm38.79 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm38.34 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.4 Tensile Strength
16.4 Viscosity
16.6 Vapor Pressure
16.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
16.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
17.2 Elasticity properties
17.2.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa26.30 GPa
1.3
222
17.3.2 Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa40.20 GPa
1.6
462
17.4.1 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa64.80 GPa
1.7
528
17.7 Poisson Ratio
17.10 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
18.2.3 Permeability
18.3.3 Susceptibility
18.4 Electrical Properties
18.4.1 Electrical Property
18.4.2 Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m814.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
18.4.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
18.6.1 Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K27.15 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.3 Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K16.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.5 Critical Temperature
20.6 Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)11.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.7 Enthalpy
20.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol241.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
21.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol11.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
21.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol301.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
21.4 Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K75.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1