1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
2.2 Block
2.3 Element Family
2.4 CAS Number
74406447440097
7429905
54386242
2.7 Space Group Name
2.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.8.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.10.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.1 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.6 In Bone
NA2,100.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C63.65 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C774.00 °C
147
5660
8.2 Appearance
8.2.1 Physical State
8.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
8.2.3 Luster
8.3 Hardness
8.3.1 Mohs Hardness
8.4.1 Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa0.36 MPa
0.14
3490
8.4.3 Vickers Hardness
8.7 Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s2,000.00 m/s
818
16200
8.8 Optical Properties
8.8.1 Refractive Index
8.8.4 Reflectivity
8.9 Allotropes
8.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.4 Electronegativity
9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.6.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.6.3 Allen Electronegativity
9.8 Electropositivity
9.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.9 Ionization Energies
9.9.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol418.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.9.3 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol3,052.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.2.2 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol4,420.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.2.4 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol5,877.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.2.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,975.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
10.3.3 6th Energy Level
NA9,590.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
10.3.4 7th Energy level
NA11,343.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
10.3.7 8th Energy Level
NA14,944.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
10.3.9 9th Energy Level
NA16,963.70 kJ/mol
14110
134700
10.3.11 10th Energy Level
NA48,610.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
10.3.13 11th Energy Level
NA54,490.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
10.3.15 12th Energy Level
NA60,730.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
10.3.17 13th Energy Level
NA68,950.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
10.3.20 14th Energy Level
NA75,900.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
10.3.21 15th Energy Level
NA83,080.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
10.4.3 16th Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
10.5.2 17th Energy Level
NA99,710.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
10.5.4 18th Energy Level
10.5.6 19th Energy Level
10.5.7 20th Energy Level
10.5.9 21st Energy Level
10.5.11 22nd Energy Level
10.5.12 23rd Energy Level
10.5.14 24th Energy Level
10.5.16 25th Energy Level
10.5.17 26th Energy Level
10.5.19 27th Energy Level
10.5.21 28th Energy Level
10.5.23 29th Energy Level
10.5.25 30th Energy Level
10.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr1.46 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.7 Electron Work Function
10.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
11.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.4.4 Number of Neutrons
11.4.6 Number of Electrons
11.5 Radius of an Atom
11.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm227.00 pm
112
265
11.5.2 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm203.00 pm
96
260
11.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm275.00 pm
139
348
11.6 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu39.10 amu
6.94
294
11.7 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol45.46 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.8.1 Previous Element
11.8.2 Next Element
11.9 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)10.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.10 Lattice Constant
548.47 pm532.80 pm
228.58
891.25
11.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm30.86 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm30.83 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.6 Elasticity properties
12.6.1 Shear Modulus
12.6.3 Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa3.10 GPa
1.6
462
12.7.2 Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa3.53 GPa
1.7
528
12.8 Poisson Ratio
13.2 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.4 Permeability
14.4.2 Susceptibility
14.5 Electrical Properties
14.5.1 Electrical Property
14.5.2 Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m72.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.5.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.5.7 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol48.40 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.75 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K29.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.5 Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K102.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.6 Critical Temperature
26.30 K2,223.00 K
26.3
3223
15.7 Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)83.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.9 Enthalpy
15.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol77.50 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.10.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol2.32 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol89.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.5 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K64.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1