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Americium
Americium

Cobalt
Cobalt



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Americium vs Cobalt

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Am
Co
1.2 Group Number
NA9
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
74
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74403597440484
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1944
In 1732
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA3 * 10-4 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.06 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
994.00 °C1,495.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C2,870.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Gray
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA5.00
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA470.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NA1,043.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA4,720.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NA67.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Am
Co
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1626
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.88
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA2.56
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.70
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.84
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.702.12
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,670.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,840.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,440.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA15,230.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA17,959.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA26,570.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA29,400.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
Copper
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA5.00 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
9522
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
9522
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
14826
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
9522
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
173.00 pm147.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
180.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
243.00 amu47.87 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
346.81 pm295.08 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA4.11 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA434.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.98 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA44.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA110.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA116.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.32
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.674,500.00
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Poor Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA7.60 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
Palladium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
NA8.60 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA429.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA27.30 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1