1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
1.9 CAS Number
74403937440280
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
William Crookes
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %5 * 10-9 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.6.4 Abundance In Meteorites
1.2.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.3.5 Abundance In Oceans
1.8.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
3.3.2 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
3.4.1 Medical Uses
3.5.2 Other Uses
3.6 Biological Properties
3.6.1 Toxicity
3.6.2 Present in Human Body
3.6.3 In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.1.2 In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
725.00 °C303.50 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C1,457.00 °C
147
5660
7.7 Appearance
7.7.1 Physical State
7.7.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
7.7.3 Luster
7.8 Hardness
7.8.1 Mohs Hardness
8.2.2 Brinell Hardness
8.4.5 Vickers Hardness
8.7 Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s818.00 m/s
818
16200
9.3 Optical Properties
9.3.1 Refractive Index
10.3.1 Reflectivity
10.5 Allotropes
10.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.8 Electronegativity
11.8.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.10.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.13.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.1.6 Allen Electronegativity
12.5 Electropositivity
12.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.8 Ionization Energies
12.8.1 1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.9.3 2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.10.3 3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.10.5 4th Energy Level
12.10.8 5th Energy Level
12.11.1 6th Energy Level
12.11.2 7th Energy level
13.1.3 8th Energy Level
13.1.4 9th Energy Level
13.1.8 10th Energy Level
13.1.11 11th Energy Level
13.1.13 12th Energy Level
13.2.3 13th Energy Level
13.2.5 14th Energy Level
13.2.8 15th Energy Level
13.2.11 16th Energy Level
14.2.1 17th Energy Level
14.3.2 18th Energy Level
14.5.2 19th Energy Level
14.6.2 20th Energy Level
14.6.6 21st Energy Level
14.6.10 22nd Energy Level
14.7.2 23rd Energy Level
14.7.4 24th Energy Level
14.7.6 25th Energy Level
14.7.8 26th Energy Level
14.7.10 27th Energy Level
14.7.12 28th Energy Level
14.7.14 29th Energy Level
14.8.1 30th Energy Level
14.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr7.63 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
14.11 Electron Work Function
15.2 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
16.5 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
16.6 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
16.6.1 Crystal Lattice
16.7 Atom
16.7.1 Number of Protons
16.7.3 Number of Neutrons
16.7.5 Number of Electrons
16.9 Radius of an Atom
16.9.1 Atomic Radius
222.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
16.9.3 Covalent Radius
215.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
16.9.5 Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm196.00 pm
139
348
16.11 Atomic Weight
137.33 amu204.38 amu
6.94
294
1.3 Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol17.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
1.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.9.1 Previous Element
1.9.2 Next Element
1.10 Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)9.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.5 Lattice Constant
502.80 pm345.66 pm
228.58
891.25
2.7 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
2.8 Lattice C/A Ratio
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
4.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm311.22 g/cm3
0.512
20
5.3 Tensile Strength
6.3 Viscosity
6.5 Vapor Pressure
6.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)16.90 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
6.9.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
6.10 Elasticity properties
6.10.1 Shear Modulus
6.12.2 Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa43.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.2.3 Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa8.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.4 Poisson Ratio
7.5 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.2.3 Permeability
9.1.2 Susceptibility
9.3 Electrical Properties
9.3.1 Electrical Property
9.3.2 Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m0.18 nΩ·m
0.18
961
9.3.6 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.06 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
9.4.5 Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol19.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
10 Thermal
10.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
10.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
10.3 Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K46.10 W/m·K
6.3
429
11.2 Critical Temperature
11.4 Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)29.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
11.6 Enthalpy
11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol162.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
11.7.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol4.27 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
11.8.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol179.90 kJ/mol
61.5
837
11.10 Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K64.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1