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Erbium
Erbium

Aluminium
Aluminium



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Erbium vs Aluminium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Er
Al
1.2 Group Number
NA13
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
63
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74405207429905
Palladium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00225.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
2.2 Sources
Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Hans Christian Oersted
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1842
In 1825
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %5 * 10-3 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.006 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.91 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
3.2.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %8.10 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
4.1.1 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
4.1.2 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
5.4.2 In Bone
NA27.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,522.00 °C660.37 °C
Francium
27 3410
6.2 Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C2,467.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
6.4.3 Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
NA2.75
Cesium
0.2 8.5
6.6.2 Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa160.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
6.6.4 Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa160.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
7.3 Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s5,000.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.5.2 Reflectivity
NA71.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
7.6 Allotropes
7.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Er
Al
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
3111
Tennessine
0 38
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.241.61
Francium
0.7 2.54
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.71
Cesium
0.22 2.56
8.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.111.47
Cesium
0.86 1.82
8.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.83
Cesium
0.62 2.48
8.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.61
Cesium
0.659 2.7
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.762.39
Gold
1.46 3.3
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol1,816.70 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol2,744.80 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol11,577.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
8.7.8 5th Energy Level
NA14,842.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
8.7.10 6th Energy Level
NA18,379.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
8.7.12 7th Energy level
NA23,326.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
8.7.14 8th Energy Level
NA27,465.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
NA31,853.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
NA38,473.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
8.7.20 11th Energy Level
NA42,647.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
8.7.22 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
8.7.24 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
8.7.25 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
8.7.27 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
8.7.29 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
8.7.31 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
8.7.33 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
8.7.35 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
8.7.37 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
8.7.39 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
8.7.41 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
8.7.43 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
8.7.45 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
8.7.47 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
8.7.49 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
8.7.51 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
8.7.53 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
8.7.54 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
8.7.56 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr0.34 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
NA4.28 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
8.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
6813
Lithium
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
6813
Lithium
3 117
10.7.2 Number of Neutrons
9914
Lithium
4 184
10.7.3 Number of Electrons
6813
Lithium
3 117
10.8 Radius of an Atom
10.8.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm143.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
10.8.3 Covalent Radius
189.00 pm121.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
10.9.2 Van der Waals Radius
NA184.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
10.10 Atomic Weight
167.26 amu26.98 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
10.11 Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol10.00 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
10.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.13.1 Previous Element
10.13.2 Next Element
10.14 Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)80.70 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
10.16 Lattice Constant
355.88 pm404.95 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
10.19 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.20 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm32.70 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm32.38 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
12.2 Tensile Strength
NA40.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
12.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
12.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
12.6 Elasticity properties
12.6.1 Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa26.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
12.8.2 Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa76.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
12.8.4 Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa70.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
12.10 Poisson Ratio
0.240.35
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
12.11 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.072.72
Lithium
0.53 4500
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
13.1.5 Susceptibility
NA0.00
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
13.3.2 Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m28.20 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
14.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.38 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
14.1.5 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol42.50 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.90 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K24.20 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
16.2 Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K237.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
16.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
16.8 Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)23.10 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
16.10 Enthalpy
16.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol293.70 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
16.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol10.67 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
16.11.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol322.20 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
16.12 Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K28.30 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1