1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74405207429905
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
2.2 Sources
Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Hans Christian Oersted
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %5 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.006 %
1E-08
0.1
3.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.2.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.1.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.1.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.4.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,522.00 °C660.37 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C2,467.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.6.2 Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.6.4 Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa160.00 MPa
121
3430
7.3 Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s5,000.00 m/s
818
16200
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
7.5.2 Reflectivity
7.6 Allotropes
7.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol1,816.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol2,744.80 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol11,577.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.8 5th Energy Level
NA14,842.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.7.10 6th Energy Level
NA18,379.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.7.12 7th Energy level
NA23,326.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.7.14 8th Energy Level
NA27,465.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
NA31,853.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
NA38,473.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.7.20 11th Energy Level
NA42,647.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.7.22 12th Energy Level
8.7.24 13th Energy Level
8.7.25 14th Energy Level
8.7.27 15th Energy Level
8.7.29 16th Energy Level
8.7.31 17th Energy Level
8.7.33 18th Energy Level
8.7.35 19th Energy Level
8.7.37 20th Energy Level
8.7.39 21st Energy Level
8.7.41 22nd Energy Level
8.7.43 23rd Energy Level
8.7.45 24th Energy Level
8.7.47 25th Energy Level
8.7.49 26th Energy Level
8.7.51 27th Energy Level
8.7.53 28th Energy Level
8.7.54 29th Energy Level
8.7.56 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr0.34 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
8.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.7.2 Number of Neutrons
10.7.3 Number of Electrons
10.8 Radius of an Atom
10.8.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm143.00 pm
112
265
10.8.3 Covalent Radius
189.00 pm121.00 pm
96
260
10.9.2 Van der Waals Radius
10.10 Atomic Weight
167.26 amu26.98 amu
6.94
294
10.11 Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol10.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.13.1 Previous Element
10.13.2 Next Element
10.14 Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)80.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.16 Lattice Constant
355.88 pm404.95 pm
228.58
891.25
10.19 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.20 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm32.70 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm32.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.6 Elasticity properties
12.6.1 Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa26.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.8.2 Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa76.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.8.4 Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa70.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.10 Poisson Ratio
12.11 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
13.1.5 Susceptibility
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
13.3.2 Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m28.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.38 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.1.5 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol42.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.90 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K24.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.2 Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K237.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.8 Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)23.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.10 Enthalpy
16.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol293.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol10.67 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.11.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol322.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.12 Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K28.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1