1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.7 Period Number
4.8 Block
4.9 Element Family
4.10 CAS Number
74405207439943
7429905
54386242
4.12 Space Group Name
4.13 Space Group Number
5 Facts
5.1 Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
5.2 Sources
Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
5.3 History
5.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
5.3.2 Discovery
5.4 Abundance
5.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
5.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
7.1.4 Abundance In Meteorites
7.2.11 Abundance In Earth's Crust
10.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
10.5.5 Abundance In Humans
14 Uses
14.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
14.1.1 Industrial Uses
14.1.2 Medical Uses
14.1.3 Other Uses
14.2 Biological Properties
14.2.1 Toxicity
14.2.3 Present in Human Body
14.2.4 In Blood
14.5.2 In Bone
16 Physical
16.1 Melting Point
1,522.00 °C1,652.00 °C
27
3410
18.4 Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C3,402.00 °C
147
5660
18.11 Appearance
18.11.1 Physical State
18.11.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
18.12.1 Luster
18.13 Hardness
18.13.1 Mohs Hardness
18.15.1 Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa893.00 MPa
0.14
3490
18.24.2 Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa1,160.00 MPa
121
3430
18.29 Speed of Sound
21.3 Optical Properties
21.3.1 Refractive Index
21.3.3 Reflectivity
21.7 Allotropes
21.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
21.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
21.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
22 Chemical
22.1 Chemical Formula
22.2 Isotopes
22.2.1 Known Isotopes
22.5 Electronegativity
22.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
22.7.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
22.9.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
22.9.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
22.13.2 Allen Electronegativity
22.19 Electropositivity
22.19.1 Pauling Electropositivity
23.2 Ionization Energies
23.2.1 1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol523.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
23.2.4 2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol1,340.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
23.3.2 3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol2,022.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
23.4.3 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
23.5.4 5th Energy Level
NA6,445.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
23.5.9 6th Energy Level
23.6.2 7th Energy level
23.6.6 8th Energy Level
23.6.9 9th Energy Level
23.6.13 10th Energy Level
23.6.18 11th Energy Level
23.7.3 12th Energy Level
24.1.2 13th Energy Level
24.1.9 14th Energy Level
24.1.14 15th Energy Level
24.1.18 16th Energy Level
24.2.6 17th Energy Level
24.2.12 18th Energy Level
24.2.17 19th Energy Level
24.2.22 20th Energy Level
24.2.27 21st Energy Level
25.1.3 22nd Energy Level
25.1.7 23rd Energy Level
25.2.3 24th Energy Level
25.3.1 25th Energy Level
25.5.1 26th Energy Level
25.7.1 27th Energy Level
25.8.1 28th Energy Level
26.1.1 29th Energy Level
28.1.1 30th Energy Level
28.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr2.18 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
28.14 Electron Work Function
1.2 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
2.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
2.3.1 Crystal Lattice
2.4 Atom
2.4.1 Number of Protons
2.10.4 Number of Neutrons
1.3.2 Number of Electrons
1.8 Radius of an Atom
1.8.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm174.00 pm
112
265
1.14.1 Covalent Radius
189.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
1.19.1 Van der Waals Radius
1.24 Atomic Weight
167.26 amu174.97 amu
6.94
294
2.8 Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol17.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
4.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
4.2.1 Previous Element
4.2.2 Next Element
4.3 Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)50.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
4.6 Lattice Constant
355.88 pm350.31 pm
228.58
891.25
4.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
4.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm39.84 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
4.3.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm39.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
4.9 Tensile Strength
2.6 Viscosity
2.10 Vapor Pressure
2.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
2.10.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.9 Elasticity properties
3.9.1 Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa27.20 GPa
1.3
222
4.1.2 Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa47.60 GPa
1.6
462
1.2.6 Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa68.60 GPa
1.7
528
2.4 Poisson Ratio
2.11 Other Mechanical Properties
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
5.2.3 Permeability
5.4.2 Susceptibility
6.5 Electrical Properties
6.5.1 Electrical Property
6.5.2 Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m582.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
9.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
10.3.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.15 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.6 Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K26.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.11 Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K16.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.14 Critical Temperature
13.3 Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol355.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.3.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol18.70 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
1.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol398.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.4 Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K51.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1