1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.6 Period Number
4.3 Block
4.4 Element Family
4.5 CAS Number
74405207440075
7429905
54386242
4.9 Space Group Name
4.10 Space Group Number
6 Facts
6.1 Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
6.2 Sources
Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
6.3 History
6.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
6.3.2 Discovery
In 1842
In Between 1940 1941
6.4 Abundance
6.4.1 Abundance In Universe
9.2.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
9.9.1 Abundance In Meteorites
9.11.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
10.2.6 Abundance In Oceans
12.1.2 Abundance In Humans
13 Uses
13.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
13.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
13.1.2 Medical Uses
13.1.3 Other Uses
13.2 Biological Properties
13.2.1 Toxicity
13.2.2 Present in Human Body
13.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
13.5.4 In Bone
14 Physical
14.1 Melting Point
1,522.00 °C639.50 °C
27
3410
15.7 Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C3,235.00 °C
147
5660
16.7 Appearance
16.7.1 Physical State
16.7.3 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
16.7.4 Luster
16.8 Hardness
16.8.1 Mohs Hardness
17.3.1 Brinell Hardness
20.1.3 Vickers Hardness
20.7 Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
21.3 Optical Properties
21.3.1 Refractive Index
21.3.4 Reflectivity
21.8 Allotropes
21.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
21.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
21.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
22 Chemical
22.1 Chemical Formula
22.2 Isotopes
22.2.1 Known Isotopes
24.2 Electronegativity
24.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
24.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
25.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
25.10.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
26.4.4 Allen Electronegativity
26.8 Electropositivity
26.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
26.12 Ionization Energies
26.12.1 1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
26.13.5 2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
28.2.3 3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol2,084.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
1.6.2 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol3,338.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
2.3.1 5th Energy Level
2.5.7 6th Energy Level
3.6.2 7th Energy level
4.2.1 8th Energy Level
5.4.2 9th Energy Level
6.1.3 10th Energy Level
6.5.3 11th Energy Level
6.7.2 12th Energy Level
6.9.7 13th Energy Level
7.1.1 14th Energy Level
8.2.2 15th Energy Level
8.3.1 16th Energy Level
10.3.4 17th Energy Level
10.5.2 18th Energy Level
11.2.1 19th Energy Level
12.2.1 20th Energy Level
12.4.1 21st Energy Level
12.5.2 22nd Energy Level
13.1.1 23rd Energy Level
13.6.1 24th Energy Level
13.8.3 25th Energy Level
13.9.2 26th Energy Level
13.10.2 27th Energy Level
13.12.2 28th Energy Level
13.13.1 29th Energy Level
13.14.1 30th Energy Level
14.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr2.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
14.8 Electron Work Function
14.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
15 Atomic
15.1 Atomic Number
17.7 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
17.9 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
17.9.1 Crystal Lattice
17.10 Atom
17.10.1 Number of Protons
17.13.1 Number of Neutrons
18.1.2 Number of Electrons
18.3 Radius of an Atom
18.3.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm159.00 pm
112
265
18.3.6 Covalent Radius
189.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
18.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
18.6 Atomic Weight
167.26 amu244.00 amu
6.94
294
18.8 Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol12.32 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
18.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
18.12.1 Previous Element
18.12.2 Next Element
18.13 Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)64.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
18.15 Lattice Constant
355.88 pm618.30 pm
228.58
891.25
19.3 Lattice Angles
19.4 Lattice C/A Ratio
20 Mechanical
20.1 Density
20.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm319.82 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
1.5.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm316.63 g/cm3
0.512
20
2.5 Tensile Strength
3.5 Viscosity
3.9 Vapor Pressure
3.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
3.9.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.6 Elasticity properties
4.6.1 Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa43.00 GPa
1.3
222
4.8.1 Bulk Modulus
4.11.4 Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa96.00 GPa
1.7
528
4.14 Poisson Ratio
4.20 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
5 Magnetic
5.1 Magnetic Characteristics
5.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
6.1.4 Permeability
7.2.5 Susceptibility
7.5 Electrical Properties
7.5.1 Electrical Property
7.5.2 Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m1.46 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.4.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.7.4 Electron Affinity
10 Thermal
10.1 Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K35.50 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.4 Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K6.74 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.6 Critical Temperature
12.7 Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)46.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.2 Enthalpy
13.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol344.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol2.82 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.3.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol360.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1