1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
2.7 CAS Number
74405757440655
7429905
54386242
4.3 Space Group Name
4.4 Space Group Number
7 Facts
7.1 Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
7.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
7.3 History
7.3.1 Who Discovered
8.1.1 Discovery
8.2 Abundance
8.2.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %7 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
8.6.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
9.1.3 Abundance In Meteorites
10.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
10.9.2 Abundance In Oceans
13.2.2 Abundance In Humans
14 Uses
14.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
14.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
14.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
14.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
14.2 Biological Properties
14.2.1 Toxicity
14.2.2 Present in Human Body
14.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
15.4.4 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
16 Physical
16.1 Melting Point
1,064.43 °C1,523.00 °C
27
3410
16.6 Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C3,337.00 °C
147
5660
16.9 Appearance
16.9.1 Physical State
16.9.3 Color
16.10.2 Luster
16.11 Hardness
16.11.1 Mohs Hardness
16.12.2 Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa589.00 MPa
0.14
3490
17.1.1 Vickers Hardness
17.3 Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s3,300.00 m/s
818
16200
17.5 Optical Properties
17.5.1 Refractive Index
17.5.5 Reflectivity
17.6 Allotropes
17.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
17.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
17.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
18 Chemical
18.1 Chemical Formula
18.2 Isotopes
18.2.1 Known Isotopes
18.3 Electronegativity
18.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
18.3.9 Sanderson Electronegativity
18.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
18.5.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
18.5.11 Allen Electronegativity
18.6 Electropositivity
18.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
18.8 Ionization Energies
18.8.1 1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
18.9.2 2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol1,180.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
18.10.2 3rd Energy Level
NA1,980.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
20.2.1 4th Energy Level
NA5,847.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
21.4.3 5th Energy Level
NA7,430.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
21.7.5 6th Energy Level
NA8,970.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
21.7.9 7th Energy level
NA11,190.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
21.9.2 8th Energy Level
NA12,450.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
21.11.2 9th Energy Level
NA14,110.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
21.13.2 10th Energy Level
NA18,400.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
21.18.3 11th Energy Level
NA19,900.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
21.22.2 12th Energy Level
NA36,090.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
23.1.4 13th Energy Level
23.4.1 14th Energy Level
23.10.1 15th Energy Level
23.13.1 16th Energy Level
23.13.5 17th Energy Level
24.2.1 18th Energy Level
26.1.2 19th Energy Level
26.2.3 20th Energy Level
26.4.4 21st Energy Level
26.5.3 22nd Energy Level
27.1.1 23rd Energy Level
27.2.2 24th Energy Level
28.2.2 25th Energy Level
28.5.3 26th Energy Level
28.8.1 27th Energy Level
28.10.3 28th Energy Level
28.12.1 29th Energy Level
28.13.4 30th Energy Level
29.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
29.8 Electron Work Function
30.2 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
31 Atomic
31.1 Atomic Number
31.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
31.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
31.3.1 Crystal Lattice
31.4 Atom
31.4.1 Number of Protons
31.5.4 Number of Neutrons
31.6.2 Number of Electrons
32.2 Radius of an Atom
32.2.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
32.3.1 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm190.00 pm
96
260
32.5.1 Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
32.9 Atomic Weight
196.97 amu88.91 amu
6.94
294
33.2 Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol19.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
33.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
33.4.1 Previous Element
33.4.2 Next Element
33.5 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)48.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
33.10 Lattice Constant
407.82 pm364.74 pm
228.58
891.25
33.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
33.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
34 Mechanical
34.1 Density
34.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm34.47 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
34.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm34.24 g/cm3
0.512
20
35.2 Tensile Strength
35.4 Viscosity
35.5 Vapor Pressure
35.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
35.5.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)4.27 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
36.3 Elasticity properties
36.3.1 Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa25.60 GPa
1.3
222
36.5.1 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa41.20 GPa
1.6
462
36.7.2 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa63.50 GPa
1.7
528
36.8 Poisson Ratio
36.10 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
37 Magnetic
37.1 Magnetic Characteristics
37.1.1 Specific Gravity
37.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
37.1.3 Permeability
37.1.4 Susceptibility
37.2 Electrical Properties
37.2.1 Electrical Property
37.2.2 Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m596.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
37.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
37.2.4 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol29.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
38 Thermal
38.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
38.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K26.53 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
38.3 Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K17.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
38.4 Critical Temperature
38.5 Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)10.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
38.6 Enthalpy
38.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol393.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
38.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol17.15 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
38.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol418.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
38.7 Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K44.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1