1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
2.7 CAS Number
74407467440520
7429905
54386242
2.10 Space Group Name
2.11 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
4.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Mining
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Carl Gustaf Mosander
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
4.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
4.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.8.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.8.3 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
6.1.2 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
156.61 °C1,522.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C2,510.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.5.1 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
7.5.2 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
8.1.2 Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa814.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.1.6 Vickers Hardness
9.2 Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s2,830.00 m/s
818
16200
9.5 Optical Properties
9.5.1 Refractive Index
9.6.2 Reflectivity
9.7 Allotropes
9.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.4 Electronegativity
10.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.4.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.5.1 Allen Electronegativity
11.8 Electropositivity
11.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.9 Ionization Energies
11.9.1 1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol589.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.10.2 2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol1,150.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.10.3 3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol2,194.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.10.5 4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.10.7 5th Energy Level
11.10.8 6th Energy Level
11.11.1 7th Energy level
11.11.2 8th Energy Level
11.11.3 9th Energy Level
11.11.4 10th Energy Level
11.11.5 11th Energy Level
11.11.6 12th Energy Level
11.11.7 13th Energy Level
11.11.8 14th Energy Level
11.11.9 15th Energy Level
11.11.10 16th Energy Level
11.11.11 17th Energy Level
11.11.12 18th Energy Level
11.11.13 19th Energy Level
11.11.14 20th Energy Level
11.11.15 21st Energy Level
11.11.16 22nd Energy Level
11.11.17 23rd Energy Level
11.11.18 24th Energy Level
11.11.19 25th Energy Level
11.11.20 26th Energy Level
11.11.21 27th Energy Level
11.11.22 28th Energy Level
11.11.23 29th Energy Level
11.11.24 30th Energy Level
11.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr2.08 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.13 Electron Work Function
11.14 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.4.2 Number of Neutrons
12.4.3 Number of Electrons
12.5 Radius of an Atom
12.5.1 Atomic Radius
167.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
12.5.2 Covalent Radius
142.00 pm189.00 pm
96
260
12.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
12.6 Atomic Weight
114.82 amu167.26 amu
6.94
294
12.7 Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol18.40 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.8.1 Previous Element
12.8.2 Next Element
12.9 Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)49.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.10 Lattice Constant
325.23 pm355.88 pm
228.58
891.25
12.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
12.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm39.07 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm38.86 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.2 Tensile Strength
13.3 Viscosity
13.4 Vapor Pressure
13.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
13.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.5 Elasticity properties
13.5.1 Shear Modulus
13.5.2 Bulk Modulus
13.5.3 Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa69.90 GPa
1.7
528
13.6 Poisson Ratio
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.3 Permeability
14.1.4 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m0.86 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.2.4 Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.17 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K28.12 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.3 Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K14.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.4 Critical Temperature
15.5 Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)12.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.6 Enthalpy
15.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol261.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol17.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.7 Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K73.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1