1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.9 Period Number
1.14 Block
1.15 Element Family
1.16 CAS Number
74399327440166
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
4.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
William Hyde Wollaston
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
4.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
4.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
4.5.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.6.3 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.4 Abundance In Humans
8 Uses
8.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
8.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
8.1.2 Medical Uses
8.1.3 Other Uses
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.1 Toxicity
8.2.2 Present in Human Body
8.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
8.2.7 In Bone
11 Physical
11.1 Melting Point
180.54 °C1,966.00 °C
27
3410
11.4 Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C3,727.00 °C
147
5660
11.7 Appearance
11.7.1 Physical State
11.7.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
11.7.3 Luster
11.8 Hardness
11.8.1 Mohs Hardness
11.10.4 Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa980.00 MPa
0.14
3490
11.10.9 Vickers Hardness
11.12 Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s4,700.00 m/s
818
16200
11.16 Optical Properties
11.16.1 Refractive Index
11.16.4 Reflectivity
12.3 Allotropes
12.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13 Chemical
13.1 Chemical Formula
13.2 Isotopes
13.2.1 Known Isotopes
14.3 Electronegativity
14.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
14.3.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
14.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
14.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
14.7.1 Allen Electronegativity
14.9 Electropositivity
14.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
14.13 Ionization Energies
14.13.1 1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol719.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
15.2.2 2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol1,740.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
15.4.2 3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol2,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
15.5.3 4th Energy Level
15.10.2 5th Energy Level
16.1.4 6th Energy Level
16.2.4 7th Energy level
16.2.10 8th Energy Level
16.4.3 9th Energy Level
16.9.2 10th Energy Level
16.10.2 11th Energy Level
17.2.4 12th Energy Level
17.3.1 13th Energy Level
17.5.4 14th Energy Level
1.3.1 15th Energy Level
1.7.1 16th Energy Level
2.1.9 17th Energy Level
2.2.4 18th Energy Level
3.2.6 19th Energy Level
3.5.4 20th Energy Level
3.8.3 21st Energy Level
4.3.2 22nd Energy Level
6.3.1 23rd Energy Level
6.8.1 24th Energy Level
7.4.1 25th Energy Level
7.5.1 26th Energy Level
7.8.1 27th Energy Level
7.11.1 28th Energy Level
7.12.3 29th Energy Level
7.15.1 30th Energy Level
7.21 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr1.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.28 Electron Work Function
9.2 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.4 Electron Configuration
10.5 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.5.1 Crystal Lattice
10.6 Atom
10.6.1 Number of Protons
10.9.2 Number of Neutrons
10.12.2 Number of Electrons
10.13 Radius of an Atom
10.13.1 Atomic Radius
152.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
10.14.2 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm142.00 pm
96
260
10.14.5 Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.15 Atomic Weight
6.94 amu102.91 amu
6.94
294
10.17 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.3.1 Previous Element
11.3.2 Next Element
11.4 Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.2 Lattice Constant
351.00 pm380.34 pm
228.58
891.25
12.4 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
12.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm312.41 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm310.70 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.3 Tensile Strength
13.4 Viscosity
14.2 Vapor Pressure
14.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
14.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.3 Elasticity properties
15.3.1 Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa150.00 GPa
1.3
222
15.4.1 Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa275.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.6.1 Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa380.00 GPa
1.7
528
1.6 Poisson Ratio
1.14 Other Mechanical Properties
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
3.5.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
3.5.3 Permeability
3.5.6 Susceptibility
3.6 Electrical Properties
3.6.1 Electrical Property
3.6.2 Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m43.30 nΩ·m
0.18
961
3.7.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.21 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
4.3.1 Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol109.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
6 Thermal
6.1 Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
6.4 Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K24.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
6.5 Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K150.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
6.7 Critical Temperature
6.9 Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)8.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
7.4 Enthalpy
7.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol495.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
7.4.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol21.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
7.4.7 Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol556.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
7.7 Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K31.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1