1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.6 Period Number
2.7 Block
2.9 Element Family
2.11 CAS Number
74399437440520
7429905
54386242
2.13 Space Group Name
2.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Carl Gustaf Mosander
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.3.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
5.6.4 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
7.1.2 Medical Uses
7.1.3 Other Uses
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
7.6.2 In Bone
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
1,652.00 °C1,522.00 °C
27
3410
10.5 Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C2,510.00 °C
147
5660
12.3 Appearance
12.3.1 Physical State
12.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
12.3.3 Luster
12.4 Hardness
12.4.1 Mohs Hardness
12.9.3 Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa814.00 MPa
0.14
3490
12.10.6 Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa589.00 MPa
121
3430
12.12 Speed of Sound
12.16 Optical Properties
12.16.1 Refractive Index
13.2.4 Reflectivity
13.4 Allotropes
13.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14 Chemical
14.1 Chemical Formula
14.2 Isotopes
14.2.1 Known Isotopes
14.3 Electronegativity
14.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
14.3.8 Sanderson Electronegativity
14.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
14.5.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
14.5.10 Allen Electronegativity
14.6 Electropositivity
14.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
14.7 Ionization Energies
14.7.1 1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol589.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
14.7.6 2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol1,150.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
14.8.3 3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol2,194.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
15.1.2 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
15.4.4 5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
15.4.10 6th Energy Level
15.5.3 7th Energy level
15.6.1 8th Energy Level
15.8.1 9th Energy Level
16.1.2 10th Energy Level
16.1.4 11th Energy Level
16.5.2 12th Energy Level
16.6.1 13th Energy Level
16.8.2 14th Energy Level
16.9.1 15th Energy Level
16.11.1 16th Energy Level
17.1.3 17th Energy Level
17.1.5 18th Energy Level
17.1.8 19th Energy Level
17.3.3 20th Energy Level
17.3.4 21st Energy Level
17.5.3 22nd Energy Level
17.5.5 23rd Energy Level
17.5.8 24th Energy Level
17.6.2 25th Energy Level
17.6.5 26th Energy Level
17.6.6 27th Energy Level
17.6.9 28th Energy Level
17.7.1 29th Energy Level
17.7.4 30th Energy Level
17.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr2.08 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
17.11 Electron Work Function
18.3 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
19 Atomic
19.1 Atomic Number
19.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
19.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
19.5.1 Crystal Lattice
19.6 Atom
19.6.1 Number of Protons
19.9.2 Number of Neutrons
20.3.2 Number of Electrons
22.2 Radius of an Atom
22.2.1 Atomic Radius
174.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
22.3.1 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm189.00 pm
96
260
22.6.2 Van der Waals Radius
22.8 Atomic Weight
174.97 amu167.26 amu
6.94
294
22.10 Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol18.40 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
22.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
22.14.1 Previous Element
22.14.2 Next Element
22.15 Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)49.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
22.17 Lattice Constant
350.31 pm355.88 pm
228.58
891.25
22.19 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
22.20 Lattice C/A Ratio
23 Mechanical
23.1 Density
23.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm39.07 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
23.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm38.86 g/cm3
0.512
20
23.4 Tensile Strength
23.6 Viscosity
23.7 Vapor Pressure
23.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
23.7.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
23.8 Elasticity properties
23.8.1 Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa28.30 GPa
1.3
222
23.9.2 Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa44.40 GPa
1.6
462
23.9.3 Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa69.90 GPa
1.7
528
23.12 Poisson Ratio
23.13 Other Mechanical Properties
24 Magnetic
24.1 Magnetic Characteristics
24.1.1 Specific Gravity
25.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
25.1.3 Permeability
25.1.4 Susceptibility
25.2 Electrical Properties
25.2.1 Electrical Property
25.2.2 Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m0.86 nΩ·m
0.18
961
25.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
25.5.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
27 Thermal
27.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.17 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
27.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K28.12 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
27.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K14.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
27.4 Critical Temperature
27.5 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)12.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
28.2 Enthalpy
28.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol261.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
28.3.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol17.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
28.5.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
28.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K73.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1