1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74400207439932
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Johan August Arfwedson
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %6 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %~0.00017 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.6 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.8 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.1.30 p.p.m.
0
170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
1,453.00 °C180.54 °C
27
3410
3.3 Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C1,347.00 °C
147
5660
4.2 Appearance
4.2.1 Physical State
4.2.2 Color
4.2.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.6.1 Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa5.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.6.2 Vickers Hardness
5.7 Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s6,000.00 m/s
818
16200
5.8 Optical Properties
5.8.1 Refractive Index
5.9.1 Reflectivity
5.10 Allotropes
5.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.5.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.6.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.9 Electropositivity
9.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.3 Ionization Energies
10.3.1 1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.4.3 2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol7,298.10 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.4.6 3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol11,815.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.4.9 4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
10.4.12 5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
10.4.15 6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
10.4.17 7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
10.5.3 8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
10.6.3 9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
10.6.6 10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
10.6.9 11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
10.6.12 12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
10.6.14 13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
10.6.17 14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
10.6.20 15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
10.6.23 16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
10.6.26 17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
10.6.29 18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
10.6.32 19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
10.6.34 20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
10.6.37 21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
10.6.39 22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
10.6.42 23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
10.6.44 24th Energy Level
10.6.47 25th Energy Level
10.6.50 26th Energy Level
10.6.52 27th Energy Level
10.6.55 28th Energy Level
10.6.58 29th Energy Level
10.6.60 30th Energy Level
10.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr0.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.9 Electron Work Function
10.11 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[He] 2s1
12.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.7.3 Number of Neutrons
12.7.6 Number of Electrons
12.8 Radius of an Atom
12.8.1 Atomic Radius
124.00 pm152.00 pm
112
265
12.9.2 Covalent Radius
124.00 pm128.00 pm
96
260
12.9.5 Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm182.00 pm
139
348
12.11 Atomic Weight
58.69 amu6.94 amu
6.94
294
12.14 Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.3.1 Previous Element
13.3.2 Next Element
13.4 Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)19.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.8 Lattice Constant
352.40 pm351.00 pm
228.58
891.25
13.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm30.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm30.51 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.3 Tensile Strength
15.4 Viscosity
15.6 Vapor Pressure
15.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)109.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
15.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
15.11 Elasticity properties
15.11.1 Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa4.20 GPa
1.3
222
15.11.3 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa11.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.15.1 Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa4.90 GPa
1.7
528
15.18 Poisson Ratio
16.2 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.2.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
18.1.2 Susceptibility
600.00NA
-0.000166
200000
18.3 Electrical Properties
18.3.1 Electrical Property
18.3.2 Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m92.80 nΩ·m
0.18
961
18.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
18.7.2 Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol59.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)3.60 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K24.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.2 Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K84.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.6 Critical Temperature
21.2 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)46.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
21.5 Enthalpy
21.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol134.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
21.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol3.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
21.7.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol160.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
21.8 Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K29.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1