1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
74400537440326
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
3.2 Sources
Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
3.7.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.7.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.7 Abundance In Oceans
3.8.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
4.1.3 Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,554.90 °C1,660.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C3,287.00 °C
147
5660
5.6 Appearance
5.6.1 Physical State
5.6.2 Color
Silver
Silvery Gray-White
5.6.3 Luster
5.7 Hardness
5.7.1 Mohs Hardness
5.8.1 Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa716.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.8.2 Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa830.00 MPa
121
3430
5.11 Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s5,090.00 m/s
818
16200
6.2 Optical Properties
6.2.1 Refractive Index
6.2.2 Reflectivity
6.3 Allotropes
6.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.6.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.7.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.7.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.7.6 Allen Electronegativity
7.9 Electropositivity
7.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.2 Ionization Energies
8.2.1 1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.2.5 2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.3.3 3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol2,652.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.3.5 4th Energy Level
NA4,174.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.3.7 5th Energy Level
NA9,581.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.1.1 6th Energy Level
NA11,533.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.2.1 7th Energy level
NA13,590.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.3.1 8th Energy Level
NA16,440.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.3.2 9th Energy Level
NA18,530.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.4.1 10th Energy Level
NA20,833.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.5.1 11th Energy Level
NA25,575.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
9.6.2 12th Energy Level
NA28,125.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
9.6.4 13th Energy Level
NA76,015.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
9.6.5 14th Energy Level
NA83,280.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
9.6.7 15th Energy Level
NA90,880.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
9.7.1 16th Energy Level
NA100,700.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
9.7.2 17th Energy Level
NA109,100.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
9.7.3 18th Energy Level
NA117,800.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
9.7.4 19th Energy Level
NA129,900.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
9.7.5 20th Energy Level
NA137,530.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
9.7.6 21st Energy Level
9.7.7 22nd Energy Level
9.7.8 23rd Energy Level
9.7.9 24th Energy Level
9.7.10 25th Energy Level
9.7.11 26th Energy Level
9.7.12 27th Energy Level
9.7.13 28th Energy Level
9.7.14 29th Energy Level
9.7.15 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
137.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
106.42 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
389.07 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1