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Polonium
Polonium

Beryllium
Beryllium



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Polonium vs Beryllium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Po
Be
1.2 Group Number
162
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
62
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
p block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Post-​Transition
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74400867440417
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.2 Space Group Name
Pm-3m
P63/mmc
1.4 Space Group Number
221.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1898
In 1797
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA1 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.00000001 %
Palladium
1E-08 0.1
2.8.1 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.10.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
3.4.3 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
254.00 °C1,278.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
5.2 Boiling Point
962.00 °C2,970.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.1.1 Color
Silver
White Gray
6.1.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
6.2 Hardness
6.2.1 Mohs Hardness
NA5.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
6.3.4 Brinell Hardness
NA590.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
7.1.1 Vickers Hardness
NA1,670.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
7.3 Speed of Sound
NA12,890.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
7.4 Optical Properties
7.4.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Po
Be
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
299
Tennessine
0 38
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.001.57
Francium
0.7 2.54
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.81
Cesium
0.22 2.56
8.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.761.47
Cesium
0.86 1.82
8.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.481.54
Cesium
0.62 2.48
8.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
2.191.58
Cesium
0.659 2.7
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.002.43
Gold
1.46 3.3
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol899.50 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
NA1,757.10 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
9.5.4 3rd Energy Level
NA14,848.70 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
9.5.7 4th Energy Level
NA21,006.60 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
9.5.8 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
9.5.10 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
9.6.2 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
9.7.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
9.7.4 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
9.7.6 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
9.7.8 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
9.7.10 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
9.7.12 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
9.7.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
9.7.16 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
9.7.18 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
9.7.20 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
9.7.21 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
9.7.23 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
9.7.25 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
9.7.26 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
9.7.28 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
9.7.30 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
9.7.31 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
9.7.33 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
9.7.35 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
9.7.36 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
9.7.38 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
9.7.40 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
9.7.42 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr0.17 g/amp-hr
Palladium
0.16812 8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
NA4.98 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
844
Lithium
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[He] 2s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
844
Lithium
3 117
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
1255
Lithium
4 184
10.4.7 Number of Electrons
844
Lithium
3 117
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
168.00 pm112.00 pm
Palladium
112 265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
140.00 pm96.00 pm
Palladium
96 260
10.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm153.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
10.7 Atomic Weight
209.00 amu9.01 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
10.9 Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol5.00 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
11.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.2.1 Previous Element
11.2.2 Next Element
11.3 Valence Electron Potential
NA82.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
11.7 Lattice Constant
335.90 pm228.58 pm
Palladium
228.58 891.25
11.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.57
Cadmium
1.567 1.886
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm31.85 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
12.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm31.69 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
12.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
12.4 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
NA132.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
12.8.1 Bulk Modulus
NA130.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
12.10.1 Young's Modulus
NA287.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
12.12 Poisson Ratio
NA0.03
Iron
0.032 0.47
13.2 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.321.85
Lithium
0.53 4500
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Diamagnetic
14.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
14.1.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
14.3.2 Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m36.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
14.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.31 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
14.5.2 Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)1.82 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K16.44 J/mol·K
Palladium
16.443 62.7
15.3 Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K200.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
15.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
15.6 Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)11.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
16.2 Enthalpy
16.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol294.70 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
16.2.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol11.72 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
16.3.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol326.40 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
16.4 Standard Molar Entropy
NA9.50 J/mol.K
Palladium
9.5 198.1