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Radium
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Radium vs Magnesium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Ra
Mg
1.2 Group Number
22
Gadolinium
0 17
1.5 Period Number
73
Lithium
2 7
2.5 Block
s block
s block
2.6 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkaline Earth
2.7 CAS Number
74401447439954
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
2.9 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
3.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Joseph Black
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1898
In 1755
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA6 * 10-2 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.07 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
NA12.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
3.4.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %2.90 %
Palladium
9.9E-12 8.1
3.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.13 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
3.4.9 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.03 %
Tin
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
5.1.3 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
5.1.4 Other Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
5.2.4 In Bone
NA1,800.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
700.00 °C650.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
7.2 Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C1,107.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Gray
7.4.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
NA2.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
NA260.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
7.7.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
NA4,940.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
7.9 Optical Properties
7.9.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.9.2 Reflectivity
NA74.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
7.11 Allotropes
7.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Ra
Mg
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
3315
Tennessine
0 38
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.901.31
Francium
0.7 2.54
8.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.32
Cesium
0.22 2.56
9.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.971.23
Cesium
0.86 1.82
9.2.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.921.37
Cesium
0.62 2.48
9.3.2 Allen Electronegativity
0.891.29
Cesium
0.659 2.7
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.102.69
Gold
1.46 3.3
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol737.70 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol1,450.70 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
9.5.4 3rd Energy Level
NA7,732.70 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
9.5.6 4th Energy Level
NA10,542.50 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
9.5.7 5th Energy Level
NA13,630.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
9.6.2 6th Energy Level
NA18,020.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
9.7.2 7th Energy level
NA21,711.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
9.7.4 8th Energy Level
NA25,661.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
9.7.6 9th Energy Level
NA31,653.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
9.7.7 10th Energy Level
NA35,458.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
9.7.9 11th Energy Level
NA169,988.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
9.7.11 12th Energy Level
NA189,368.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
9.7.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
9.7.15 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
9.7.16 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
9.7.18 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
9.7.20 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
9.7.22 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
9.7.23 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
9.7.25 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
9.7.27 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
9.7.29 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
9.7.30 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
9.7.32 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
9.7.33 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
9.7.35 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
9.7.36 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
9.7.38 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
9.7.40 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
9.7.41 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
NA3.66 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
8812
Lithium
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Ne] 3s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
8812
Lithium
3 117
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
13812
Lithium
4 184
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
8812
Lithium
3 117
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
NA160.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
221.00 pm141.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm173.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
10.6 Atomic Weight
226.00 amu24.31 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
10.8 Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol13.97 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.10.1 Previous Element
10.10.2 Next Element
10.11 Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)40.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
10.12 Lattice Constant
514.80 pm320.94 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
11.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm31.74 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA1.58 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
12.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
12.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
12.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
12.6 Elasticity properties
12.6.1 Shear Modulus
NA17.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
12.7.1 Bulk Modulus
NA45.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
12.7.2 Young's Modulus
NA45.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
12.9 Poisson Ratio
NA0.29
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
12.12 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.001.74
Lithium
0.53 4500
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.2.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
13.2.3 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
13.5 Electrical Properties
13.5.1 Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
13.5.2 Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m43.90 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
14.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.23 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
14.1.4 Electron Affinity
NA0.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)1.02 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.87 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
15.5 Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K156.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
15.6 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
15.8 Thermal Expansion
NA24.80 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
15.9 Enthalpy
15.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA128.70 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
15.9.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA8.95 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
15.9.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol148.50 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
15.11 Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K32.70 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1