1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.5 CAS Number
74401997440508
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1879
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %6 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.00007 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.6 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.8 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-31.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,072.00 °C1,084.62 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C2,562.00 °C
147
5660
7.2 Appearance
7.2.1 Physical State
7.2.2 Color
7.2.3 Luster
7.3 Hardness
7.3.1 Mohs Hardness
7.4.1 Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa235.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.6.2 Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa343.00 MPa
121
3430
7.7 Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
818
16200
7.8 Optical Properties
7.8.1 Refractive Index
7.9.1 Reflectivity
7.10 Allotropes
7.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol1,957.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.6.2 3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol3,555.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.2 4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol5,536.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.4 5th Energy Level
NA7,700.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.7.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,900.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.7.8 7th Energy level
NA13,400.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.7.10 8th Energy Level
NA16,000.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.7.12 9th Energy Level
NA19,200.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.7.14 10th Energy Level
NA22,400.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.7.16 11th Energy Level
NA25,600.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
9.7.18 12th Energy Level
NA35,600.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
9.7.20 13th Energy Level
NA38,700.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
9.7.22 14th Energy Level
NA42,000.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
9.7.23 15th Energy Level
NA46,700.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
9.7.25 16th Energy Level
NA50,200.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
9.7.27 17th Energy Level
NA53,700.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
9.7.28 18th Energy Level
NA61,100.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
9.7.30 19th Energy Level
NA64,702.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
9.7.31 20th Energy Level
NA163,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
9.7.33 21st Energy Level
NA174,100.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
9.7.35 22nd Energy Level
NA184,900.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
9.7.37 23rd Energy Level
NA198,800.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
9.7.38 24th Energy Level
9.7.40 25th Energy Level
9.7.42 26th Energy Level
9.7.44 27th Energy Level
9.7.46 28th Energy Level
9.7.48 29th Energy Level
9.7.50 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr1.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
10.6.1 Number of Electrons
11.2 Radius of an Atom
11.2.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm128.00 pm
112
265
11.2.2 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
11.5.2 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm140.00 pm
139
348
11.6 Atomic Weight
150.36 amu63.55 amu
6.94
294
11.7 Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.9.1 Previous Element
11.9.2 Next Element
11.10 Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.11 Lattice Constant
362.10 pm361.49 pm
228.58
891.25
11.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm38.96 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm38.02 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.5 Tensile Strength
12.7 Viscosity
12.10 Vapor Pressure
12.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)1.53 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
13.1.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.2 Elasticity properties
13.2.1 Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa48.00 GPa
1.3
222
13.3.1 Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa140.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.4.1 Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa120.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.6 Poisson Ratio
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.2.3 Permeability
NA1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
14.2.5 Susceptibility
NA-9.63 * 10-6
-0.000166
200000
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m16.78 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.60 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.4.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.38 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K24.44 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K401.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.6 Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)16.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.2 Enthalpy
17.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol283.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.3.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol7.11 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.4.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol338.90 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K33.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1