1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74402027439932
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
2.3 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.4 History
2.4.1 Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Johan August Arfwedson
2.4.2 Discovery
2.5 Abundance
2.5.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %6 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.10.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.00017 %
1E-08
0.1
2.11.5 Abundance In Meteorites
6.2.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
7.1.5 Abundance In Oceans
7.4.3 Abundance In Humans
8 Uses
8.1 Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
8.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
8.1.2 Medical Uses
8.1.3 Other Uses
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.1 Toxicity
8.2.2 Present in Human Body
8.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.4.3 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.1.30 p.p.m.
0
170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
1,539.00 °C180.54 °C
27
3410
12.2 Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C1,347.00 °C
147
5660
14.2 Appearance
14.2.1 Physical State
14.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
14.2.3 Luster
14.3 Hardness
14.3.1 Mohs Hardness
14.6.1 Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa5.00 MPa
0.14
3490
15.9.2 Vickers Hardness
15.10 Speed of Sound
15.11 Optical Properties
15.11.1 Refractive Index
15.12.1 Reflectivity
15.13 Allotropes
15.13.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.13.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.13.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
16 Chemical
16.1 Chemical Formula
16.2 Isotopes
16.2.2 Known Isotopes
16.6 Electronegativity
16.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
17.3.0 Sanderson Electronegativity
17.5.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
17.5.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
17.5.9 Allen Electronegativity
17.7 Electropositivity
17.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
17.8 Ionization Energies
17.8.1 1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
17.10.1 2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol7,298.10 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
2.10.8 3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol11,815.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
2.12.5 4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
1.3.2 5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
1.5.1 6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
1.5.4 7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
1.9.2 8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
2.1.1 9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
2.1.3 10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
3.7.3 11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
3.7.13 12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
3.8.3 13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
3.9.5 14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
4.2.6 15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
4.4.4 16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
5.2.1 17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
5.3.2 18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
5.10.1 19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
7.1.3 20th Energy Level
7.1.5 21st Energy Level
7.5.1 22nd Energy Level
7.5.3 23rd Energy Level
7.8.1 24th Energy Level
8.3.3 25th Energy Level
8.5.2 26th Energy Level
8.5.5 27th Energy Level
8.6.2 28th Energy Level
8.6.7 29th Energy Level
8.6.11 30th Energy Level
8.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr0.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.3 Electron Work Function
9.4 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.4 Electron Configuration
10.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.5.2 Crystal Lattice
10.6 Atom
10.6.1 Number of Protons
10.9.2 Number of Neutrons
10.11.1 Number of Electrons
13.2 Radius of an Atom
13.2.1 Atomic Radius
162.00 pm152.00 pm
112
265
13.6.2 Covalent Radius
170.00 pm128.00 pm
96
260
13.8.2 Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm182.00 pm
139
348
13.12 Atomic Weight
44.96 amu6.94 amu
6.94
294
13.16 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.18 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.18.1 Previous Element
13.18.2 Next Element
13.19 Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)19.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.22 Lattice Constant
330.90 pm351.00 pm
228.58
891.25
13.23 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.25 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm30.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm30.51 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.5 Tensile Strength
15.8 Viscosity
15.11 Vapor Pressure
15.11.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)109.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
16.1.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
16.2 Elasticity properties
16.2.1 Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa4.20 GPa
1.3
222
16.4.2 Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa11.00 GPa
1.6
462
17.1.3 Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa4.90 GPa
1.7
528
17.4 Poisson Ratio
17.8 Other Mechanical Properties
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
18.3.2 Permeability
20.1.2 Susceptibility
20.5 Electrical Properties
20.5.1 Electrical Property
20.5.3 Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m92.80 nΩ·m
0.18
961
20.6.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
20.8.2 Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol59.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)3.60 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
22.4 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K24.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
22.9 Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K84.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
23.3 Critical Temperature
23.9 Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)46.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
24.2 Enthalpy
24.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol134.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
24.2.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol3.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
24.3.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol160.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
24.4 Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K29.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1