Scandium

Thorium

Scandium vs Thorium

Scandium

Thorium

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

Period Number

Block

Element Family

CAS Number

Space Group Name

Space Group Number

Facts

Interesting Facts

Sources

Who Discovered

Discovery

Abundance In Universe

Abundance In Sun

Abundance In Meteorites

Abundance In Earth's Crust

Abundance In Oceans

Abundance In Humans

Uses

Uses & Benefits

Industrial Uses

Medical Uses

Other Uses

Toxicity

Present in Human Body

In Blood

In Bone

Physical

Melting Point

Boiling Point

Physical State

Color

Luster

Mohs Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Vickers Hardness

Speed of Sound

Refractive Index

Reflectivity

Allotropes

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Known Isotopes

Pauling Electronegativity

Sanderson Electronegativity

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Allen Electronegativity

Pauling Electropositivity

1st Energy Level

2nd Energy Level

3rd Energy Level

4th Energy Level

5th Energy Level

6th Energy Level

7th Energy level

8th Energy Level

9th Energy Level

10th Energy Level

11th Energy Level

12th Energy Level

13th Energy Level

14th Energy Level

15th Energy Level

16th Energy Level

17th Energy Level

18th Energy Level

19th Energy Level

20th Energy Level

21st Energy Level

22nd Energy Level

23rd Energy Level

24th Energy Level

25th Energy Level

26th Energy Level

27th Energy Level

28th Energy Level

29th Energy Level

30th Energy Level

Electrochemical Equivalent

Electron Work Function

Other Chemical Properties

Atomic

Atomic Number

Electron Configuration

Crystal Structure

Crystal Lattice

Number of Protons

Number of Neutrons

Number of Electrons

Atomic Radius

Covalent Radius

Van der Waals Radius

Atomic Weight

Atomic Volume

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

Lattice Constant

Lattice Angles

Lattice C/A Ratio

Mechanical

Density At Room Temperature

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

Tensile Strength

Viscosity

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Shear Modulus

Bulk Modulus

Young's Modulus

Poisson Ratio

Other Mechanical Properties

Magnetic

Specific Gravity

Magnetic Ordering

Permeability

Susceptibility

Electrical Property

Resistivity

Electrical Conductivity

Electron Affinity

Thermal

Specific Heat

Molar Heat Capacity

Thermal Conductivity

Critical Temperature

Thermal Expansion

Enthalpy of Vaporization

Enthalpy of Fusion

Enthalpy of Atomization

Standard Molar Entropy

d block

Transition Metal

7440202

P63/mmc

194.00

Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

Lars Fredrik Nilson

In 1879

0.00 %

Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Alloys

Non Toxic

✔✘

0.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0.00 p.p.m.

1,539.00 °C

2,832.00 °C

Solid

Silvery White

Lustrous

5.50

750.00 MPa

1,200.00 MPa

6,100.00 m/s

1.80

93.00 %

✔✘

1.36

1.02

1.20

1.36

1.19

2.64

633.10 kJ/mol

1,235.00 kJ/mol

2,388.60 kJ/mol

7,090.60 kJ/mol

8,843.00 kJ/mol

10,679.00 kJ/mol

13,310.00 kJ/mol

15,250.00 kJ/mol

17,370.00 kJ/mol

21,726.00 kJ/mol

24,102.00 kJ/mol

66,320.00 kJ/mol

73,010.00 kJ/mol

80,160.00 kJ/mol

89,490.00 kJ/mol

97,400.00 kJ/mol

105,600.00 kJ/mol

117,000.00 kJ/mol

124,270.00 kJ/mol

633.00 kJ/mol

633.10 kJ/mol

633.00 kJ/mol

633.10 kJ/mol

633.00 kJ/mol

633.10 kJ/mol

633.00 kJ/mol

0.56 g/amp-hr

3.50 eV

Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100

162.00 pm

170.00 pm

211.00 pm

44.96 amu

15.00 cm3/mol

58.00 (-eV)

330.90 pm

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

1.59

2.99 g/cm³

2.80 g/cm3

150.00 MPa

0.00

0.00 (Pa)

91.30 (Pa)

29.10 GPa

56.60 GPa

74.40 GPa

0.28

2.99

Paramagnetic

0.00 H/m

0.00

Conductor

562.00 nΩ·m

0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

18.10 kJ/mol

0.60 J/(kg K)

25.52 J/mol·K

15.80 W/m·K

1,814.00 K

10.20 µm/(m·K)

314.20 kJ/mol

14.10 kJ/mol

343.00 kJ/mol

34.60 J/mol.K

f block

Actinide

7440326

P63/mmc

194.00

Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.

Found in Minerals, Mining

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

In 1829

0.00 %

0.05 %

0.66 %

0.00 %

Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Non Toxic

✔✘

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0.02 p.p.m.

1,750.00 °C

4,790.00 °C

Solid

Silver

3.00