1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.6 Period Number
4.4 Block
4.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
4.7 CAS Number
74402467440600
7429905
54386242
1.5 Space Group Name
1.6 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Marc Delafontaine
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.8.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.12.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.2.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
7.1.1 Abundance In Humans
9 Uses
9.1 Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
-
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
9.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
9.1.2 Medical Uses
9.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
9.2 Biological Properties
9.2.1 Toxicity
9.2.2 Present in Human Body
9.2.3 In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
10.3.1 In Bone
11 Physical
11.1 Melting Point
769.00 °C1,461.00 °C
27
3410
11.6 Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C2,600.00 °C
147
5660
11.8 Appearance
11.8.1 Physical State
12.1.1 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
12.1.3 Luster
12.2 Hardness
12.2.1 Mohs Hardness
12.7.6 Brinell Hardness
13.1.2 Vickers Hardness
14.4 Speed of Sound
15.3 Optical Properties
15.3.1 Refractive Index
15.4.2 Reflectivity
15.6 Allotropes
15.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
16 Chemical
16.1 Chemical Formula
16.3 Isotopes
16.3.1 Known Isotopes
16.4 Electronegativity
16.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
16.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
16.4.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
16.5.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
16.6.2 Allen Electronegativity
16.8 Electropositivity
16.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
16.10 Ionization Energies
16.10.1 1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
16.10.4 2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol1,140.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
17.2.2 3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol2,204.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
17.4.3 4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol4,100.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
1.2.3 5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
1.2.6 6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
1.3.2 7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
1.3.4 8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
1.3.7 9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
1.3.12 10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
1.3.17 11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
1.3.22 12th Energy Level
1.4.5 13th Energy Level
1.6.4 14th Energy Level
1.7.4 15th Energy Level
1.7.9 16th Energy Level
1.7.14 17th Energy Level
1.7.16 18th Energy Level
1.7.22 19th Energy Level
1.7.27 20th Energy Level
1.7.31 21st Energy Level
1.7.34 22nd Energy Level
1.7.39 23rd Energy Level
1.7.43 24th Energy Level
1.7.47 25th Energy Level
1.7.52 26th Energy Level
1.7.55 27th Energy Level
1.7.61 28th Energy Level
1.7.63 29th Energy Level
1.1.2 30th Energy Level
1.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr2.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.6 Electron Work Function
2.4 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
3 Atomic
3.1 Atomic Number
3.6 Electron Configuration
3.8 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
4.1.1 Crystal Lattice
4.2 Atom
4.2.1 Number of Protons
4.5.2 Number of Neutrons
4.5.9 Number of Electrons
4.8 Radius of an Atom
4.8.1 Atomic Radius
215.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
4.10.3 Covalent Radius
195.00 pm192.00 pm
96
260
4.10.8 Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm216.00 pm
139
348
4.13 Atomic Weight
87.62 amu164.93 amu
6.94
294
4.17 Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol18.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
4.22 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
4.22.1 Previous Element
4.22.2 Next Element
4.23 Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)47.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
4.26 Lattice Constant
608.49 pm357.73 pm
228.58
891.25
4.31 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
4.32 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm38.79 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.7 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm38.34 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.6 Tensile Strength
7.12 Viscosity
7.14 Vapor Pressure
7.14.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
8.2.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
8.5 Elasticity properties
8.5.1 Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa26.30 GPa
1.3
222
8.8.4 Bulk Modulus
8.8.8 Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa64.80 GPa
1.7
528
8.11 Poisson Ratio
10.2 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.5 Permeability
11.2.3 Susceptibility
11.4 Electrical Properties
11.4.1 Electrical Property
11.4.2 Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m814.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.6.1 Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.4 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K27.15 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.7 Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K16.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.13 Critical Temperature
15.3 Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)11.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.6 Enthalpy
15.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol241.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol11.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.9.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol301.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.12 Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K75.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1