1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
1.10 CAS Number
74403157440702
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
2.2 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
4.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %7 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
4.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %~0.007 %
1E-08
0.1
5.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites
5.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.4.3 Abundance In Oceans
5.4.4 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Chemical Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
7.1.3 Other Uses
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-360.50 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.1.1 In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.170,000.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
231.90 °C839.00 °C
27
3410
9.4 Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C1,484.00 °C
147
5660
9.8 Appearance
9.8.1 Physical State
9.8.2 Color
9.8.3 Luster
9.9 Hardness
9.9.1 Mohs Hardness
10.2.2 Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0.14
3490
10.2.4 Vickers Hardness
10.4 Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
818
16200
10.6 Optical Properties
10.6.1 Refractive Index
10.6.3 Reflectivity
10.8 Allotropes
10.8.1 α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
10.8.2 β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
10.8.3 γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.4 Electronegativity
12.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
12.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.6.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.8.2 Allen Electronegativity
12.9 Electropositivity
12.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.10 Ionization Energies
12.10.1 1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.10.5 2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.10.9 3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.10.12 4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol6,491.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
12.10.17 5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol8,153.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
12.10.20 6th Energy Level
NA10,496.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
12.10.25 7th Energy level
NA12,270.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
1.2.1 8th Energy Level
NA14,206.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
1.3.1 9th Energy Level
NA18,191.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
1.6.2 10th Energy Level
NA20,385.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
2.3.3 11th Energy Level
NA57,110.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
2.4.9 12th Energy Level
NA63,410.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
2.4.18 13th Energy Level
NA70,110.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
2.6.1 14th Energy Level
NA78,890.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
1.3.1 15th Energy Level
NA86,310.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
3.2.1 16th Energy Level
NA94,000.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
3.8.4 17th Energy Level
NA104,900.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
3.12.2 18th Energy Level
NA111,711.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
3.15.4 19th Energy Level
4.6.1 20th Energy Level
4.8.1 21st Energy Level
5.5.1 22nd Energy Level
5.7.1 23rd Energy Level
6.5.1 24th Energy Level
7.1.4 25th Energy Level
8.3.2 26th Energy Level
8.6.2 27th Energy Level
8.12.2 28th Energy Level
8.14.1 29th Energy Level
8.16.1 30th Energy Level
9.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.4 Electron Work Function
11.4 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.5 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Ar] 4s2
12.6 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
12.6.1 Crystal Lattice
12.7 Atom
12.7.1 Number of Protons
13.1.1 Number of Neutrons
13.5.3 Number of Electrons
13.8 Radius of an Atom
13.8.1 Atomic Radius
140.00 pm197.00 pm
112
265
13.9.6 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm176.00 pm
96
260
13.9.12 Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm231.00 pm
139
348
13.12 Atomic Weight
118.71 amu40.08 amu
6.94
294
14.3 Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.2.1 Previous Element
15.2.2 Next Element
15.3 Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.8 Lattice Constant
583.18 pm558.84 pm
228.58
891.25
15.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
15.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm31.55 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm31.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
17.2 Tensile Strength
17.6 Viscosity
17.10 Vapor Pressure
17.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)25.50 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
18.3.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.2 Elasticity properties
19.2.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa7.40 GPa
1.3
222
19.9.1 Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa17.00 GPa
1.6
462
19.10.4 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa20.00 GPa
1.7
528
19.13 Poisson Ratio
20.3 Other Mechanical Properties
21 Magnetic
21.1 Magnetic Characteristics
21.1.1 Specific Gravity
21.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
21.2.2 Permeability
21.5.1 Susceptibility
21.8 Electrical Properties
21.8.1 Electrical Property
21.8.2 Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m
0.18
961
23.2.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω0.30 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.4.1 Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol2.37 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.6 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K25.93 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
3.6 Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
4.2 Critical Temperature
4.3 Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)22.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
5.3 Enthalpy
5.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
6.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol8.54 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
7.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol184.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
7.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1