1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74403157440100
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.7.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.8.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.10.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
-
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
231.90 °C935.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C3,130.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.3 Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa481.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.2.4 Vickers Hardness
6.3 Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s2,280.00 m/s
818
16200
7.2 Optical Properties
7.2.1 Refractive Index
7.3.1 Reflectivity
7.4 Allotropes
7.4.1 α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
7.4.2 β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
7.4.3 γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.5 Electronegativity
8.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.5.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.5.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.6.1 Allen Electronegativity
8.8 Electropositivity
8.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.9 Ionization Energies
8.9.1 1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol527.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.2.2 2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol1,020.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.2.3 3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol2,086.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.3.2 4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol3,761.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.3.4 5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol5,551.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.3.5 6th Energy Level
9.3.7 7th Energy level
9.3.9 8th Energy Level
9.3.11 9th Energy Level
9.3.12 10th Energy Level
9.5.2 11th Energy Level
9.5.3 12th Energy Level
9.5.5 13th Energy Level
9.5.7 14th Energy Level
9.5.9 15th Energy Level
9.5.11 16th Energy Level
9.5.13 17th Energy Level
9.5.15 18th Energy Level
9.5.17 19th Energy Level
9.5.19 20th Energy Level
9.5.20 21st Energy Level
9.5.22 22nd Energy Level
9.5.23 23rd Energy Level
9.5.25 24th Energy Level
9.5.27 25th Energy Level
9.5.28 26th Energy Level
9.5.30 27th Energy Level
9.5.31 28th Energy Level
9.5.33 29th Energy Level
9.5.35 30th Energy Level
9.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr1.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.7 Electron Work Function
9.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
10.4.7 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
140.00 pm182.00 pm
112
265
10.5.4 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm203.00 pm
96
260
10.5.6 Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm239.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
118.71 amu140.91 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol20.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)42.64 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.2 Lattice Constant
583.18 pm367.25 pm
228.58
891.25
11.6 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.7 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm36.50 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.6 Vapor Pressure
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA13.20 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
12.8 Elasticity properties
12.8.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa14.80 GPa
1.3
222
12.10.1 Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa28.80 GPa
1.6
462
12.10.2 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa37.30 GPa
1.7
528
12.12 Poisson Ratio
12.15 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.3 Permeability
14.1.4 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m0.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.5.2 Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K27.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.4 Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K12.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.5 Critical Temperature
15.6 Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)6.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.8 Enthalpy
15.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol296.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.1.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol6.89 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.1.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol368.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.3 Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1