1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
1.11 CAS Number
74406447440553
7429905
54386242
1.14 Space Group Name
1.15 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.4 History
3.4.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
3.4.2 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.9.3 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.3 Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
4.1.4 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.6 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C29.78 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C2,403.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.5.5 Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa56.80 MPa
0.14
3490
5.6.2 Vickers Hardness
6.2 Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s2,740.00 m/s
818
16200
6.4 Optical Properties
6.4.1 Refractive Index
7.1.2 Reflectivity
7.2 Allotropes
7.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.5.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.7 Allen Electronegativity
9.2 Electropositivity
9.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.4 Ionization Energies
9.4.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.4.4 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,979.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.2 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,963.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.6.1 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.1 5th Energy Level
10.1.2 6th Energy Level
10.2.3 7th Energy level
10.3.2 8th Energy Level
10.3.5 9th Energy Level
10.5.1 10th Energy Level
10.6.1 11th Energy Level
10.7.1 12th Energy Level
11.1.1 13th Energy Level
11.2.2 14th Energy Level
11.5.2 15th Energy Level
11.5.3 16th Energy Level
11.5.5 17th Energy Level
11.5.7 18th Energy Level
11.5.9 19th Energy Level
11.6.2 20th Energy Level
11.6.3 21st Energy Level
11.6.5 22nd Energy Level
11.6.6 23rd Energy Level
11.6.9 24th Energy Level
11.7.1 25th Energy Level
11.8.1 26th Energy Level
11.8.2 27th Energy Level
11.9.1 28th Energy Level
11.9.2 29th Energy Level
11.11.1 30th Energy Level
11.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr0.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.14 Electron Work Function
11.17 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
13.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.3 Number of Neutrons
13.5.1 Number of Electrons
13.8 Radius of an Atom
13.8.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm135.00 pm
112
265
13.8.2 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm122.00 pm
96
260
13.8.4 Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm187.00 pm
139
348
13.10 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu69.72 amu
6.94
294
13.11 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol11.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.12.1 Previous Element
13.12.2 Next Element
13.13 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)69.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.14 Lattice Constant
548.47 pm451.97 pm
228.58
891.25
13.15 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm35.91 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm36.10 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.6 Elasticity properties
15.6.1 Shear Modulus
15.6.3 Bulk Modulus
15.6.5 Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa9.80 GPa
1.7
528
16.2 Poisson Ratio
16.3 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
17.2.2 Permeability
17.2.3 Susceptibility
17.4 Electrical Properties
17.4.1 Electrical Property
17.4.2 Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m270.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.5.2 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol28.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.37 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
18.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K25.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
18.4 Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K40.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
18.5 Critical Temperature
18.6 Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)18.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
18.8 Enthalpy
18.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol256.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
18.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol5.59 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.8.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol276.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.9 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K40.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1