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Copper
Copper

Rubidium
Rubidium



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Copper vs Rubidium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cu
Rb
1.2 Group Number
111
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
45
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
1.6 CAS Number
74405087440177
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
225.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
In 1861
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %~0.000003 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,084.62 °C38.89 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C688.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Copper
Grayish White
4.3.3 Luster
NA
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
3.000.30
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa0.22 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
90.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cu
Rb
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2929
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.900.82
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.980.31
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.750.89
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.490.69
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.850.71
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.103.18
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol6,850.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol8,140.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol9,570.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol13,120.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol14,500.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol26,740.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/molNA
Zinc
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.65 eV2.16 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
2937
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Kr] 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
2937
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
3548
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
2937
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
128.00 pm248.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm220.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm303.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
63.55 amu85.47 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
361.49 pm558.50 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
48.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa2.50 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa2.40 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.34NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.891.53
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/mNA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6NA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA2,093.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1