1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74399327440177
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.3.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.4.1 In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
180.54 °C38.89 °C
27
3410
4.5 Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
4.6 Appearance
4.6.1 Physical State
4.6.2 Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
4.6.3 Luster
4.7 Hardness
4.7.1 Mohs Hardness
4.7.3 Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
4.7.5 Vickers Hardness
4.8 Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
5.2 Optical Properties
5.2.1 Refractive Index
5.3.4 Reflectivity
5.4 Allotropes
5.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.2 Electronegativity
7.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
7.6 Electropositivity
7.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.8 Ionization Energies
7.8.1 1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.9.2 2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.9.4 3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.2.2 4th Energy Level
NA5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.3.2 5th Energy Level
NA6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.3.4 6th Energy Level
NA8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.3.5 7th Energy level
NA9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.3.7 8th Energy Level
NA13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.3.9 9th Energy Level
NA14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.3.11 10th Energy Level
NA26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.3.12 11th Energy Level
8.4.2 12th Energy Level
8.5.3 13th Energy Level
8.5.5 14th Energy Level
8.5.7 15th Energy Level
8.5.8 16th Energy Level
8.5.10 17th Energy Level
8.5.12 18th Energy Level
8.5.14 19th Energy Level
8.5.16 20th Energy Level
8.5.18 21st Energy Level
8.5.20 22nd Energy Level
8.5.21 23rd Energy Level
8.5.23 24th Energy Level
8.5.24 25th Energy Level
8.5.26 26th Energy Level
8.5.28 27th Energy Level
8.5.29 28th Energy Level
8.5.31 29th Energy Level
8.5.32 30th Energy Level
8.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.7 Electron Work Function
8.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
9.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.3 Number of Neutrons
9.4.6 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
152.00 pm248.00 pm
112
265
9.5.4 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm220.00 pm
96
260
9.5.6 Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
6.94 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.11 Lattice Constant
351.00 pm558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
9.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.6 Viscosity
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
11.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.8 Elasticity properties
11.8.1 Shear Modulus
11.9.2 Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa2.50 GPa
1.6
462
11.9.4 Young's Modulus
11.11 Poisson Ratio
11.12 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.2.2 Permeability
12.4.1 Susceptibility
12.5 Electrical Properties
12.5.1 Electrical Property
12.5.2 Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.6.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.1.2 Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.5 Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.7 Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K2,093.00 K
26.3
3223
14.8 Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.10 Enthalpy
14.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.10.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.12 Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1