1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.5 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
2.8 CAS Number
74399547440279
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Carl Gustaf Mosander
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %~0.00000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.3 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.2 Abundance In Oceans
5.4.2 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
-
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
6.3.2 In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.NA
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
650.00 °C1,356.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C3,123.00 °C
147
5660
8.3 Appearance
8.3.1 Physical State
8.3.2 Color
8.3.3 Luster
8.4 Hardness
8.4.1 Mohs Hardness
8.5.2 Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa677.00 MPa
0.14
3490
9.2.2 Vickers Hardness
9.4 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s2,620.00 m/s
818
16200
10.3 Optical Properties
10.3.1 Refractive Index
10.5.2 Reflectivity
10.6 Allotropes
10.7.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.3 Electronegativity
11.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
11.5 Electropositivity
11.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.6 Ionization Energies
11.6.1 1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol603.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol1,174.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.7.3 3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol2,417.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.7.5 4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol4,203.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.8.2 5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
12.3.3 6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
12.3.4 7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
12.5.2 8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
12.5.3 9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
12.5.5 10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
12.5.8 11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
12.5.9 12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
12.5.11 13th Energy Level
12.5.13 14th Energy Level
12.5.15 15th Energy Level
12.5.18 16th Energy Level
12.5.19 17th Energy Level
12.5.21 18th Energy Level
12.6.2 19th Energy Level
12.6.4 20th Energy Level
12.7.2 21st Energy Level
12.7.4 22nd Energy Level
12.7.7 23rd Energy Level
12.7.9 24th Energy Level
12.7.11 25th Energy Level
12.7.14 26th Energy Level
12.7.15 27th Energy Level
12.7.18 28th Energy Level
12.7.20 29th Energy Level
12.7.23 30th Energy Level
12.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr1.98 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.9 Electron Work Function
12.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
13.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.5 Number of Neutrons
13.4.8 Number of Electrons
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
160.00 pm177.00 pm
112
265
13.5.4 Covalent Radius
141.00 pm194.00 pm
96
260
13.5.7 Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm221.00 pm
139
348
13.6 Atomic Weight
24.31 amu158.93 amu
6.94
294
13.7 Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol19.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.8.1 Previous Element
13.8.2 Next Element
13.9 Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)46.80 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.10 Lattice Constant
320.94 pm360.10 pm
228.58
891.25
13.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
13.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm38.23 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm37.65 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.3 Tensile Strength
15.2 Viscosity
15.5 Vapor Pressure
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA12.50 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
16.2 Elasticity properties
16.2.1 Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa22.10 GPa
1.3
222
16.4.1 Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa38.70 GPa
1.6
462
16.6.2 Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa55.70 GPa
1.7
528
16.7 Poisson Ratio
16.8 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.3.2 Permeability
17.3.4 Susceptibility
17.5 Electrical Properties
17.5.1 Electrical Property
17.5.2 Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m1.15 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.8.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.10.1 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K28.91 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.2 Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K11.10 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.4 Critical Temperature
20.6 Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)10.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.10 Enthalpy
20.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol330.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.12.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol10.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.12.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
20.14 Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1