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Magnesium
Magnesium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Mg
Ra
1.2 Group Number
22
Gadolinium
0 17
1.8 Period Number
37
Lithium
2 7
2.5 Block
s block
s block
2.6 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkaline Earth
2.7 CAS Number
74399547440144
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
2.9 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
3.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Not Available
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1755
In 1898
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
4.2.7 Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
5.1.2 Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
5.2.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %0.00 %
Palladium
9.9E-12 8.1
5.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
5.5.1 Abundance In Humans
0.03 %0.00 %
Tin
1E-13 1.4
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
6.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
6.1.3 Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
6.3.2 In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
650.00 °C700.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
8.6 Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C1,737.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
8.8 Appearance
8.8.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
8.8.2 Color
Gray
Silvery White
8.8.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
8.9 Hardness
8.9.1 Mohs Hardness
2.50NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
9.2.3 Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
9.4.2 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
9.5 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
9.6 Optical Properties
9.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
9.7.1 Reflectivity
74.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
9.8 Allotropes
9.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
Mg
Ra
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
1533
Tennessine
0 38
10.5 Electronegativity
10.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.310.90
Francium
0.7 2.54
10.8.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
10.9.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.230.97
Cesium
0.86 1.82
10.11.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.370.92
Cesium
0.62 2.48
11.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
1.290.89
Cesium
0.659 2.7
11.2 Electropositivity
11.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.693.10
Gold
1.46 3.3
11.3 Ionization Energies
11.3.1 1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol509.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
11.4.1 2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol979.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
11.5.1 3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/molNA
Osmium
1600 34230
11.6.2 4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
11.6.5 5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
11.7.2 6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
11.7.4 7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
11.7.7 8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
11.7.10 9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
11.7.12 10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
11.8.2 11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
12.1.2 12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
12.1.6 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
12.1.9 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
12.1.12 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
12.2.4 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
12.2.7 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
12.2.9 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
12.2.13 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
12.2.16 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
13.1.2 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
13.1.4 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
13.2.1 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
13.3.1 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
13.5.1 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
13.5.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
14.1.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
14.1.2 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
14.5.2 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
14.5.3 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
14.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr4.22 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
14.8 Electron Work Function
3.66 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
14.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
15 Atomic
15.1 Atomic Number
1288
Lithium
3 117
15.2 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Rn] 7s2
15.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
15.3.1 Crystal Lattice
15.4 Atom
15.4.1 Number of Protons
1288
Lithium
3 117
15.6.1 Number of Neutrons
12138
Lithium
4 184
15.7.1 Number of Electrons
1288
Lithium
3 117
15.10 Radius of an Atom
15.10.1 Atomic Radius
160.00 pmNA
Beryllium
112 265
15.10.2 Covalent Radius
141.00 pm221.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
15.11.1 Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm283.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
15.14 Atomic Weight
24.31 amu226.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
16.2 Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol45.20 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
16.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.3.1 Previous Element
16.3.2 Next Element
16.4 Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)20.10 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
16.6 Lattice Constant
320.94 pm514.80 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
16.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
16.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
17.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
17.3 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
17.4 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
17.5 Vapor Pressure
17.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
17.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
17.7 Elasticity properties
17.7.1 Shear Modulus
17.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
18.1.2 Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
18.1.6 Young's Modulus
45.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
18.3 Poisson Ratio
0.29NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
18.4 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.745.00
Lithium
0.53 4500
19.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
19.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
19.1.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
20.2 Electrical Properties
20.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
20.2.2 Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m100.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
20.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
20.4.1 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
21 Thermal
21.1 Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
21.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
21.5 Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K18.60 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
21.6 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
21.8 Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
21.9 Enthalpy
21.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
21.9.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
21.9.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol163.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
21.10 Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K71.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1