1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
744008654038812
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
- And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.10 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.12 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
4.2 Boiling Point
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
4.4.5 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.3 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
4.7.2 β Allotropes
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.10 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol757.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.4 2nd Energy Level
NA1,732.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.6 3rd Energy Level
NA2,483.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.8 4th Energy Level
NA3,415.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.6.1 5th Energy Level
NA4,561.80 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.6.2 6th Energy Level
NA5,715.80 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.7.1 7th Energy level
5.7.2 8th Energy Level
6.1.1 9th Energy Level
6.2.1 10th Energy Level
6.4.2 11th Energy Level
6.4.4 12th Energy Level
6.4.6 13th Energy Level
6.5.2 14th Energy Level
6.5.5 15th Energy Level
6.6.1 16th Energy Level
6.7.1 17th Energy Level
6.7.2 18th Energy Level
6.7.3 19th Energy Level
6.9.1 20th Energy Level
6.9.2 21st Energy Level
6.10.1 22nd Energy Level
6.10.2 23rd Energy Level
6.11.1 24th Energy Level
6.12.1 25th Energy Level
7.1.2 26th Energy Level
7.1.3 27th Energy Level
7.1.4 28th Energy Level
7.1.5 29th Energy Level
7.1.7 30th Energy Level
7.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
7.3 Electron Work Function
7.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
NA
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
8.4 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
8.4.1 Crystal Lattice
8.5 Atom
8.5.1 Number of Protons
8.6.2 Number of Neutrons
8.6.4 Number of Electrons
8.7 Radius of an Atom
8.7.1 Atomic Radius
168.00 pm132.00 pm
112
265
8.8.2 Covalent Radius
140.00 pm143.00 pm
96
260
8.8.3 Van der Waals Radius
8.9 Atomic Weight
209.00 amu269.00 amu
6.94
294
8.10 Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
8.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.11.1 Previous Element
8.11.2 Next Element
8.12 Valence Electron Potential
8.13 Lattice Constant
335.90 pmNA
228.58
891.25
8.15 Lattice Angles
8.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm335.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.6 Elasticity properties
10.6.1 Shear Modulus
10.6.2 Bulk Modulus
10.6.4 Young's Modulus
10.7 Poisson Ratio
10.8 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
11.1.4 Permeability
11.1.5 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
12.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
12.4.1 Electron Affinity
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
13.4 Thermal Conductivity
13.6 Critical Temperature
13.7 Thermal Expansion
13.8 Enthalpy
13.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
13.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
13.9.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
13.10 Standard Molar Entropy