Protactinium

Copper

Protactinium vs Copper

Protactinium

Copper

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA11

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

f block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74401337440508

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

I4/mmm

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

139.00225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.

Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.

Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.

2.2 Sources

Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals

Found in Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

William Crookes

Unknown

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1900

In Middle East (9000 BCE)

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA6 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.5.1 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.00007 %

1E-08 0.1

3.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.01 %

1.7E-07 22

3.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.4.4 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.

It is use for coinage and bullion.
Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-31.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.5 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.26.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

1,568.00 °C1,084.62 °C

27 3410

5.3 Boiling Point

4,027.00 °C2,562.00 °C

147 5660

5.4 Appearance

5.4.1 Physical State

Solid

5.4.2 Color

Silver

Copper

5.4.3 Luster

Metallic

5.5 Hardness

5.5.1 Mohs Hardness

NA3.00

0.2 8.5

5.6.1 Brinell Hardness

NA235.00 MPa

0.14 3490

5.6.2 Vickers Hardness

NA343.00 MPa

121 3430

5.8 Speed of Sound

NA3,810.00 m/s

818 16200

5.11 Optical Properties

5.11.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

5.11.2 Reflectivity

NA90.00 %

58 97

5.13 Allotropes

✔ ✘

5.13.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

5.13.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

5.13.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

6 Chemical

6.1 Chemical Formula

6.2 Isotopes

6.2.1 Known Isotopes

2729

0 38

6.5 Electronegativity

6.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.501.90

0.7 2.54

7.1.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.98

0.22 2.56

7.1.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.141.75

0.86 1.82

7.2.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.49

0.62 2.48

7.4.2 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.85

0.659 2.7

7.5 Electropositivity

7.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.502.10

1.46 3.3

7.6 Ionization Energies

7.6.1 1st Energy Level

568.00 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.7.2 2nd Energy Level

1,128.00 kJ/mol1,957.90 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.7.4 3rd Energy Level

1,814.00 kJ/mol3,555.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.7.5 4th Energy Level

2,991.00 kJ/mol5,536.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.7.7 5th Energy Level

NA7,700.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

7.8.1 6th Energy Level

NA9,900.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

8.1.2 7th Energy level

NA13,400.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

8.1.3 8th Energy Level

NA16,000.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

8.1.6 9th Energy Level

NA19,200.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

8.1.8 10th Energy Level

NA22,400.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

8.2.3 11th Energy Level

NA25,600.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

8.2.4 12th Energy Level

NA35,600.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

8.2.6 13th Energy Level

NA38,700.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

8.2.8 14th Energy Level

NA42,000.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

8.2.9 15th Energy Level

NA46,700.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

9.1.1 16th Energy Level

NA50,200.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

9.1.2 17th Energy Level

NA53,700.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

9.2.1 18th Energy Level

NA61,100.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

9.2.2 19th Energy Level

NA64,702.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

9.3.1 20th Energy Level

NA163,700.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

9.3.2 21st Energy Level

NA174,100.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

9.3.3 22nd Energy Level

NA184,900.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

9.4.1 23rd Energy Level

NA198,800.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

9.4.2 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.5.1 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.5.2 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.5.3 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.6.2 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.6.3 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.6.5 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.7 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.72 g/amp-hr1.19 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.8 Electron Work Function

NA4.65 eV

2.14 5.65

9.10 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

9129

3 117

10.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹

10.3 Crystal Structure

Tetragonal (TETR)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

10.3.1 Crystal Lattice

10.4 Atom

10.4.1 Number of Protons

9129

3 117

10.4.2 Number of Neutrons

12235

4 184

10.4.3 Number of Electrons

9129

3 117

10.5 Radius of an Atom

10.5.1 Atomic Radius

163.00 pm128.00 pm

112 265

10.5.2 Covalent Radius

200.00 pm132.00 pm

96 260

10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

243.00 pm140.00 pm

139 348

10.6 Atomic Weight

231.04 amu63.55 amu

6.94 294

10.7 Atomic Volume

15.00 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

10.8.1 Previous Element

10.8.2 Next Element

10.9 Valence Electron Potential

92.00 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

10.10 Lattice Constant

392.50 pm361.49 pm

228.58 891.25

10.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

11 Mechanical

11.1 Density

11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

15.37 g/cm³8.96 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA8.02 g/cm3

0.512 20

11.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

11.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

11.4 Vapor Pressure

11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA1.53 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

11.5 Elasticity properties

11.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA48.00 GPa

1.3 222

11.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA140.00 GPa

1.6 462

11.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA120.00 GPa

1.7 528

11.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.34

0.032 0.47

11.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile, Malleable

12 Magnetic

12.1 Magnetic Characteristics

12.1.1 Specific Gravity

15.378.89

0.53 4500

12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

12.1.3 Permeability

NA1.256629 * 10^-6 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

12.1.4 Susceptibility

NA-9.63 * 10^-6

-0.000166 200000

12.2 Electrical Properties

12.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

12.2.2 Resistivity

177.00 nΩ·m16.78 nΩ·m

0.18 961

12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.05 10⁶/cm Ω0.60 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA222.80 kJ/mol

0 222.8

13 Thermal

13.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)0.38 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

13.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA24.44 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

13.3 Thermal Conductivity

47.00 W/m·K401.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

13.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

13.5 Thermal Expansion

9.90 µm/(m·K)16.50 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

13.6 Enthalpy

13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA283.70 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

12.34 kJ/mol7.11 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA338.90 kJ/mol

61.5 837

13.7 Standard Molar Entropy

198.10 J/mol.K33.20 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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