1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401337440508
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
2.2 Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1900
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.00007 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.7 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
2.6.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-31.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.26.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,568.00 °C1,084.62 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C2,562.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,957.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol3,555.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol5,536.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,700.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,900.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA13,400.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA16,000.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA19,200.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA22,400.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA25,600.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA35,600.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA38,700.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA42,000.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA46,700.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA50,200.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA53,700.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA61,100.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA64,702.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA163,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA174,100.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA184,900.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA198,800.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr1.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
163.00 pm128.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
200.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm140.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
231.04 amu63.55 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
392.50 pm361.49 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm38.96 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.3 Permeability
NA1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NA-9.63 * 10-6
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m16.78 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.60 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.38 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.44 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K401.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)16.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA283.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol7.11 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K33.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1