1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
2.5 CAS Number
74401667440008
7429905
54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
2.7 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.4 History
3.4.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Carl Auer von Welsbach
3.4.2 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.6.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0000003 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.1.3 Abundance In Oceans
4.1.8 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
5.1.2 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.3 Medical Uses
5.1.4 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
5.3.3 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,966.00 °C1,010.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C3,127.00 °C
147
5660
7.6 Appearance
7.6.1 Physical State
7.6.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
7.6.3 Luster
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
8.1.2 Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa265.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.3.2 Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa345.00 MPa
121
3430
8.4 Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s2,330.00 m/s
818
16200
8.6 Optical Properties
8.6.1 Refractive Index
8.6.2 Reflectivity
8.9 Allotropes
8.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.8.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.10 Electropositivity
9.10.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.13 Ionization Energies
9.13.1 1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol533.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.1.2 2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol1,040.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.1.3 3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol2,130.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.1.6 4th Energy Level
NA3,900.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.2.1 5th Energy Level
10.3.1 6th Energy Level
10.4.1 7th Energy level
10.5.2 8th Energy Level
10.5.4 9th Energy Level
10.6.2 10th Energy Level
10.6.3 11th Energy Level
10.6.5 12th Energy Level
10.6.7 13th Energy Level
10.6.8 14th Energy Level
10.7.1 15th Energy Level
10.8.1 16th Energy Level
11.1.2 17th Energy Level
11.1.5 18th Energy Level
11.1.7 19th Energy Level
11.2.3 20th Energy Level
11.2.4 21st Energy Level
11.2.6 22nd Energy Level
11.2.7 23rd Energy Level
11.2.8 24th Energy Level
11.2.10 25th Energy Level
11.2.11 26th Energy Level
12.1.1 27th Energy Level
12.1.2 28th Energy Level
12.2.1 29th Energy Level
12.2.2 30th Energy Level
12.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr1.79 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.5 Electron Work Function
12.7 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
13.4 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
13.4.1 Crystal Lattice
13.5 Atom
13.5.1 Number of Protons
13.6.2 Number of Neutrons
13.6.4 Number of Electrons
13.7 Radius of an Atom
13.7.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm181.00 pm
112
265
13.7.3 Covalent Radius
142.00 pm201.00 pm
96
260
13.8.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
13.9 Atomic Weight
102.91 amu144.24 amu
6.94
294
13.10 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol20.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.11.1 Previous Element
13.11.2 Next Element
13.12 Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.13 Lattice Constant
380.34 pm365.80 pm
228.58
891.25
13.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
13.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm37.01 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm36.89 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.2 Tensile Strength
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)101.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa16.30 GPa
1.3
222
14.5.2 Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa31.80 GPa
1.6
462
14.5.3 Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa41.40 GPa
1.7
528
14.6 Poisson Ratio
14.7 Other Mechanical Properties
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
15.1.3 Permeability
15.1.4 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m643.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.2.4 Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K27.45 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K16.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.4 Critical Temperature
16.5 Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)9.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.6 Enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol273.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol7.14 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol322.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.7 Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K71.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1