1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74402467440713
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.11 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.14 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
1.2.2 In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
769.00 °C900.00 °C
27
3410
2.5 Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C1,470.00 °C
147
5660
2.8 Appearance
2.8.1 Physical State
2.8.3 Color
2.8.4 Luster
2.9 Hardness
2.9.1 Mohs Hardness
3.4.3 Brinell Hardness
3.4.6 Vickers Hardness
3.5 Speed of Sound
3.6 Optical Properties
3.6.1 Refractive Index
3.6.3 Reflectivity
3.7 Allotropes
3.7.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.5.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.6.2 Allen Electronegativity
7.2 Electropositivity
7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.3 Ionization Energies
7.3.1 1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol608.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.7.1 2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol1,206.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.7.3 3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol2,267.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.8.4 4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol3,599.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.3.2 5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
8.3.4 6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
8.4.3 7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
8.5.1 8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
8.5.2 9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
8.6.2 10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
8.8.1 11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
8.8.3 12th Energy Level
8.10.2 13th Energy Level
8.13.2 14th Energy Level
9.1.3 15th Energy Level
9.1.6 16th Energy Level
9.2.1 17th Energy Level
9.2.3 18th Energy Level
9.4.2 19th Energy Level
9.4.4 20th Energy Level
9.4.7 21st Energy Level
9.5.2 22nd Energy Level
9.5.5 23rd Energy Level
9.5.7 24th Energy Level
9.5.9 25th Energy Level
9.6.2 26th Energy Level
9.6.3 27th Energy Level
10.1.2 28th Energy Level
10.1.6 29th Energy Level
10.1.7 30th Energy Level
10.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr3.12 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.4 Electron Work Function
10.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
11.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
12.1.2 Number of Neutrons
12.2.1 Number of Electrons
12.4 Radius of an Atom
12.4.1 Atomic Radius
215.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
12.5.1 Covalent Radius
12.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
12.7 Atomic Weight
87.62 amu251.00 amu
6.94
294
12.9 Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
12.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.10.1 Previous Element
12.10.2 Next Element
12.11 Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.12 Lattice Constant
608.49 pm338.00 pm
228.58
891.25
12.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
12.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm315.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.2 Tensile Strength
13.3 Viscosity
13.4 Vapor Pressure
13.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
13.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.6 Elasticity properties
13.6.1 Shear Modulus
13.7.1 Bulk Modulus
14.1.1 Young's Modulus
14.5 Poisson Ratio
14.6 Other Mechanical Properties
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
15.1.4 Permeability
15.2.3 Susceptibility
15.3 Electrical Properties
15.3.1 Electrical Property
15.3.2 Resistivity
15.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
15.7.1 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.6 Critical Temperature
17.8 Thermal Expansion
17.9 Enthalpy
17.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
17.10.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.10.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.11 Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1