Calcium

Scandium

Calcium Scandium Comparison

Calcium

Scandium

Add ⊕

1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

0 17

1.7 Period Number

2 7

1.9 Block

s block

d block

1.11 Element Family

Alkaline Earth

Transition Metal

1.12 CAS Number

74407027440202

7429905 54386242

1.13 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

P63/mmc

1.14 Space Group Number

225.00194.00

11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.

It is found in the compound state.

Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.

Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .

3.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

3.3 History

3.3.1 Who Discovered

Humphry Davy

Lars Fredrik Nilson

3.3.2 Discovery

In 1808

In 1879

3.4 Abundance

3.4.1 Abundance In Universe

7 * 10^-3 %3 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

3.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.007 %~0.000004 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites

1.10 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust

5.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

4.2.4 Abundance In Humans

1.40 %NA

1E-13 1.4

5 Uses

5.1 Uses & Benefits

It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.

Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.

5.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

5.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

5.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

5.2 Biological Properties

5.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

5.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

5.2.4 In Blood

60.50 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

6.1.1 In Bone

170,000.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

7 Physical

7.1 Melting Point

839.00 °C1,539.00 °C

27 3410

7.3 Boiling Point

1,484.00 °C2,832.00 °C

147 5660

7.6 Appearance

7.6.1 Physical State

Solid

7.6.2 Color

Gray

Silvery White

7.6.3 Luster

Lustrous

7.7 Hardness

7.7.1 Mohs Hardness

1.75NA

0.2 8.5

7.7.3 Brinell Hardness

170.00 MPa750.00 MPa

0.14 3490

7.7.5 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

7.9 Speed of Sound

3,810.00 m/sNA

818 16200

7.11 Optical Properties

7.11.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

8.2.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

8.3 Allotropes

✔ ✘

8.3.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

8.3.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

8.3.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

9 Chemical

9.1 Chemical Formula

9.2 Isotopes

9.2.1 Known Isotopes

1913

0 38

9.4 Electronegativity

9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.001.36

0.7 2.54

9.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.951.02

0.22 2.56

9.4.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.041.20

0.86 1.82

9.4.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.08NA

0.62 2.48

9.4.9 Allen Electronegativity

1.031.19

0.659 2.7

9.7 Electropositivity

9.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.002.64

1.46 3.3

9.8 Ionization Energies

9.8.1 1st Energy Level

589.80 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

9.8.3 2nd Energy Level

1,145.40 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

9.8.4 3rd Energy Level

4,912.40 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol

1600 34230

9.8.6 4th Energy Level

6,491.00 kJ/mol7,090.60 kJ/mol

2780 37066

9.8.8 5th Energy Level

8,153.00 kJ/mol8,843.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

9.8.10 6th Energy Level

10,496.00 kJ/mol10,679.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

9.8.12 7th Energy level

12,270.00 kJ/mol13,310.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

9.8.14 8th Energy Level

14,206.00 kJ/mol15,250.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

9.8.16 9th Energy Level

18,191.00 kJ/mol17,370.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

9.8.18 10th Energy Level

20,385.00 kJ/mol21,726.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

9.8.20 11th Energy Level

57,110.00 kJ/mol24,102.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

9.8.22 12th Energy Level

63,410.00 kJ/mol66,320.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

9.8.24 13th Energy Level

70,110.00 kJ/mol73,010.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

9.8.26 14th Energy Level

78,890.00 kJ/mol80,160.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

9.8.28 15th Energy Level

86,310.00 kJ/mol89,490.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

9.8.30 16th Energy Level

94,000.00 kJ/mol97,400.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

9.8.32 17th Energy Level

104,900.00 kJ/mol105,600.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

9.8.34 18th Energy Level

111,711.00 kJ/mol117,000.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

9.8.36 19th Energy Level

NA124,270.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

9.8.38 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

9.8.40 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.8.42 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.8.44 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.8.46 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.8.48 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.8.50 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.8.52 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.8.54 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.8.56 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.8.58 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.10 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.75 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.12 Electron Work Function

2.87 eV3.50 eV

2.14 5.65

10.2 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

11 Atomic

11.1 Atomic Number

2021

3 117

11.5 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 4s²

[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²

11.6 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

11.6.1 Crystal Lattice

11.7 Atom

11.7.1 Number of Protons

2021

3 117

11.7.3 Number of Neutrons

2024

4 184

11.7.5 Number of Electrons

2021

3 117

11.9 Radius of an Atom

11.9.1 Atomic Radius

197.00 pm162.00 pm

112 265

11.9.3 Covalent Radius

176.00 pm170.00 pm

96 260

11.9.5 Van der Waals Radius

231.00 pm211.00 pm

139 348

11.11 Atomic Weight

40.08 amu44.96 amu

6.94 294

11.13 Atomic Volume

29.90 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

11.16 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

11.16.1 Previous Element

11.16.2 Next Element

11.17 Valence Electron Potential

29.00 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.19 Lattice Constant

558.84 pm330.90 pm

228.58 891.25

11.22 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

11.23 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.59

1.567 1.886

13 Mechanical

13.1 Density

13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.55 g/cm³2.99 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

13.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.38 g/cm32.80 g/cm3

0.512 20

13.3 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

13.5 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

13.7 Vapor Pressure

13.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

25.50 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

13.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA91.30 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

13.9 Elasticity properties

13.9.1 Shear Modulus

7.40 GPa29.10 GPa

1.3 222

13.9.3 Bulk Modulus

17.00 GPa56.60 GPa

1.6 462

13.9.5 Young's Modulus

20.00 GPa74.40 GPa

1.7 528

13.11 Poisson Ratio

0.310.28

0.032 0.47

14.2 Other Mechanical Properties

15 Magnetic

15.1 Magnetic Characteristics

15.1.1 Specific Gravity

4.582.99

0.53 4500

15.1.4 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

15.1.5 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

15.1.7 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

15.3 Electrical Properties

15.3.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

15.3.2 Resistivity

33.60 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

15.3.4 Electrical Conductivity

0.30 10⁶/cm Ω0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

15.3.6 Electron Affinity

2.37 kJ/mol18.10 kJ/mol

0 222.8

17 Thermal

17.1 Specific Heat

0.63 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

17.3 Molar Heat Capacity

25.93 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

17.5 Thermal Conductivity

201.00 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K

6.3 429

17.7 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

17.9 Thermal Expansion

22.30 µm/(m·K)10.20 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

17.11 Enthalpy

17.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

150.00 kJ/mol314.20 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

17.11.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

8.54 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

17.11.5 Enthalpy of Atomization

184.00 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

17.13 Standard Molar Entropy

41.60 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

Compare All Metals

Calcium vs Aluminium

Calcium vs Lead

Calcium vs Lithium

All Metals