1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74399877440484
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.11 Abundance In Oceans
2.5.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.3.1 In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
2,617.00 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
5.5 Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
5.6 Appearance
5.6.1 Physical State
5.6.2 Color
5.6.3 Luster
5.7 Hardness
5.7.1 Mohs Hardness
5.7.3 Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa470.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.8.2 Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa1,043.00 MPa
121
3430
5.9 Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
5.10 Optical Properties
5.10.1 Refractive Index
5.11.1 Reflectivity
5.12 Allotropes
5.12.1 α Allotropes
5.12.2 β Allotropes
5.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.4 Electronegativity
6.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.7.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.9.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
7.2 Electropositivity
7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.4 Ionization Energies
7.4.1 1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.1 2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.6.2 3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.6.4 4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.7.2 5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.7.4 6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.7.5 7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.7.7 8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.8.1 9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.1.2 10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.1.5 11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.1.7 12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.2.3 13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
8.2.4 14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
8.2.6 15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
8.2.8 16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
8.2.9 17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
9.1.1 18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
9.1.2 19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
9.2.1 20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
9.3.1 21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
9.3.2 22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
9.3.3 23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
9.3.4 24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/molNA
104400
195200
9.4.1 25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/molNA
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121900
121900
9.4.2 26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/molNA
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127700
127700
9.4.3 27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/molNA
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133800
133800
9.4.4 28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/molNA
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139800
139800
9.4.5 29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/molNA
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148100
148100
9.5.1 30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/molNA
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154500
154500
9.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.8 Electron Work Function
9.9 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.5.1 Number of Neutrons
10.5.2 Number of Electrons
10.6 Radius of an Atom
10.6.1 Atomic Radius
139.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
10.6.2 Covalent Radius
154.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
10.6.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.7 Atomic Weight
95.95 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
10.8 Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.11 Lattice Constant
314.70 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
10.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa434.00 MPa
2.5
11000
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable
Ductile
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
12.2.2 Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1