1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.7 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
2.7 CAS Number
74402247440202
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Lars Fredrik Nilson
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %3 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
4.2.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
5.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites
5.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.4.3 Abundance In Oceans
5.5.1 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.2.2 In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
961.93 °C1,539.00 °C
27
3410
8.2 Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C2,832.00 °C
147
5660
8.4 Appearance
8.4.1 Physical State
8.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
8.4.3 Luster
8.5 Hardness
8.5.1 Mohs Hardness
8.6.3 Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa750.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.6.7 Vickers Hardness
8.7 Speed of Sound
8.8 Optical Properties
8.8.1 Refractive Index
8.8.3 Reflectivity
8.9 Allotropes
8.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.9.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.9.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.5 3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.5.7 4th Energy Level
NA7,090.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.5.10 5th Energy Level
NA8,843.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.5.12 6th Energy Level
NA10,679.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.5.14 7th Energy level
NA13,310.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.5.16 8th Energy Level
NA15,250.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.5.18 9th Energy Level
NA17,370.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.6.1 10th Energy Level
NA21,726.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.7.1 11th Energy Level
NA24,102.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
10.1.1 12th Energy Level
NA66,320.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
10.1.2 13th Energy Level
NA73,010.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
10.4.2 14th Energy Level
NA80,160.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
10.4.4 15th Energy Level
NA89,490.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
10.4.6 16th Energy Level
NA97,400.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
10.4.7 17th Energy Level
NA105,600.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
10.5.2 18th Energy Level
NA117,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
10.5.4 19th Energy Level
NA124,270.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
10.5.6 20th Energy Level
10.5.7 21st Energy Level
10.6.1 22nd Energy Level
10.6.2 23rd Energy Level
10.7.1 24th Energy Level
10.9.1 25th Energy Level
10.9.2 26th Energy Level
10.10.1 27th Energy Level
10.10.2 28th Energy Level
10.12.1 29th Energy Level
11.1.2 30th Energy Level
11.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.3 Electron Work Function
11.5 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.4 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
12.5 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
12.5.1 Crystal Lattice
12.6 Atom
12.6.1 Number of Protons
12.6.3 Number of Neutrons
12.7.2 Number of Electrons
12.8 Radius of an Atom
12.8.1 Atomic Radius
144.00 pm162.00 pm
112
265
12.8.3 Covalent Radius
145.00 pm170.00 pm
96
260
12.8.4 Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm211.00 pm
139
348
12.10 Atomic Weight
107.87 amu44.96 amu
6.94
294
13.2 Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.3.1 Previous Element
13.3.2 Next Element
13.4 Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.6 Lattice Constant
408.53 pm330.90 pm
228.58
891.25
13.7 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
13.8 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm32.99 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm32.80 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.4 Viscosity
15.5 Vapor Pressure
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
15.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA91.30 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
15.8 Elasticity properties
15.8.1 Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa29.10 GPa
1.3
222
15.9.1 Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa56.60 GPa
1.6
462
15.10.2 Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa74.40 GPa
1.7
528
15.11 Poisson Ratio
15.12 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
16.1.3 Permeability
16.2.1 Susceptibility
16.3 Electrical Properties
16.3.1 Electrical Property
16.3.2 Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.3.4 Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol18.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.5 Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)10.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol314.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1